Portfolios Free Essays

Utilizing Portfolios to Assess Professional Competence and Development in Medical Laboratory Sciences Reflection Foundation Portfolios have been suggested for the evaluation of expert turn of events. To energize fight and evaluate proficient improvement during research lab readiness, portfolio examination was proposed for the closing twelvemonth BMLS and DMLT programs in Kampala International University. Work Done The understudies experiencing clinical examination lab planning in learning hospitals, and occupied with regular exploration lab benefits under regulating of qualified Medical Laboratory Scientists, made a portfolio specifying their everyday encounters, work done, and exercises learned. We will compose a custom exposition test on Portfolios or then again any comparative point just for you Request Now Their administrators and facilitators gave everyday input and supported their entrances. The portfolios were inspected at the terminal of readiness by module staff and outside analyzer through unwritten introduction and meetings. Rating rubric thought about nature of introduction, portfolio content, introduction of dynamic turn of events, and capacity to do proficient judgment. Understudies ‘ and assessors ‘ confidence of this instrument was resolved with survey. Results 72 % of the students and assessors acknowledged the technique. Numerous students revealed that it improved committedness to readiness, empowered examination, and took into account visit criticism. Many accepted that it was an objective examination, yet it was cut eating up. 88 % of the members would invite it as an addendum to the rule preliminaries. Choices The portfolio evaluation was acceptable acknowledged, balanced, and gave a substantial examination of student fight and designed development during proficient readiness. Bring Home Message The incorporation of portfolio evaluation in Medical Laboratory Sciences Education gave legitimate examination of students ‘ fight in readiness and expert advancement over clasp. Presentation The utilization of portfolios in health callings guidance has expanded drastically over the mature ages. The eager belief of this standard is in partition conceived out of the ever turning association in results based guidance in all divisions of wellbeing science.1 The course of investigation of most health logical controls schools currently accentuate solid encounters, advance self way and examination in procurement, and results based evaluation. Portfolios non simply animate proficient turn of events and agonizing procurement, they other than give opportunity to self way, and roads for input from faculty.2, 3 Portfolios have been suggested for the examination of expert improvement in clinical education,4 and a few investigations report their effective use in evaluation of competency at both undergrad and postgraduate levels.5,6 To energize fight and to gauge proficient advancement during clinical exploration lab arrangement, portfolio improvement and examination was proposed for t he finishing up twelvemonth Bachelor of Medical Laboratory Sciences and the Diploma in Medical Laboratory Technology understudies of the Kampala International University, Uganda in 2008. This article reports the experience of the utilization of portfolios to gauge proficient improvement in these projects. Strategies Institutional gift for the overview was gotten from the IREC. Eighteen finishing up twelvemonth students who were experiencing clinical examination lab readiness in the guidance hospitals at the Kampala International University Teaching Hospital Ishaka and the Mulago Hospital in Kampala and take separating in ordinary everyday exploration lab work were mentioned to form and keep a portfolio comprising inside informations of their everyday encounters, work done and exercises got the hang of during their planning. Their bosses and program facilitators gave everyday criticism on their work and supported all passages. At the terminal of their clinical examination lab planning, the portfolios were inspected by the four module staff and an outer analyzer. The understudies were other than required to do a 15 proceedingss introduction dependent on the portfolio substance, and take meet on exercises scholarly and by and large effect of the planning on their turn of events. An assessment rubri c utilized for the evaluation considered the nature of student ‘s introduction, portfolio content, introduction of understudy ‘s dynamic improvement over clasp, and their capacity to do proficient judgment. Polls were utilized to discover the students ‘ and raters ‘ positions on the adequacy, comfort, and utility of this technique for examination. The informations were broke down quantitatively and subjectively. Table 1: Rubric for the evaluation of the students ‘ portfolios Standard met Standard non met 1 Introduction was finished in 15 proceedingss 2 Nature of introduction 3 Understudy demonstrated dynamic advancement over clasp 4 Understudy considered encounters and could do great expert judgment 5 Portfolio content was equivalent 6 Generally speaking examination Base on balls Fall flat General comments: Results The result indicated that 70 two percent ( 72 % ) of the understudies and assessors acknowledged the technique as a legitimate and useful organizations of estimating proficient competency. Numerous understudies ( 15 of the 18 ) detailed that it improved their committedness to the exploration lab arrangement, and urged them to think about their everyday encounters. Both module and understudies revealed that it took into consideration visit criticism and more fight in the program. Many accepted that it was a reasonable examination as it caught improvement over clasp, however it was cut devouring and rather entrusting on the two understudies and staff. Eighty eight percent ( 88 % ) were of the position that it ought to be an addendum and non a substitution for the standard composed and down to earth preliminaries. Conversation The improvement of portfolio as an apparatus for the examination of expert competency and improvement offers a few points of interest over the customary standard preliminaries which to a major degree are reductionist and do non catch designed development over clasp. Utilization of portfolio examination in Medical Laboratory Sciences guidance is non far reaching and just hardly any investigations are accessible in literature.7 This study showed that portfolio advancement and evaluation is acceptable acknowledged by both staff and students in the clinical exploration lab logical controls program of the Kampala International University. An of import aspect of clinical guidance is the coordinating of evaluation techniques with larning way, as appraisal pushes larning. Portfolio evaluation adjusts great to capability based guidance whose authoritative opinions incorporate student centeredness, developmental criticism, formative technique, consideration, and numerous sorts and beginnings o f assessment.3 This overview showed this plainly as it advanced understudy/staff fight in the clinical exploration lab readiness program, understudies ‘ responsibility for planning, and intelligent obtaining which are a portion of the favorable circumstances featured by comparative old investigations of the utilization of portfolio in other programmes.8, 9 The review other than demonstrated that a large number of the study members would non welcome this signifier of evaluation as the solitary way of student examination. Or maybe it would be a significant extra to the customary strategies for evaluation of competency. The limitations of this study incorporate the little example size utilized for the study. It is suggested that a bigger example of students be remembered for a progressively rich review perchance over a more drawn out investigation period. To facilitate the heap of examination, using organized meeting to gauge the portfolio as suggested by Burch and Seggie 10 could be useful. Choice: The utilization of portfolios to gauge understudies ‘ progression and expert competency in Medical Laboratory Sciences is an invite suggestion. It ought to be utilized to enhance the standard composed and down to earth preliminaries. Its favorable circumstances incorporate incitement of student fight, self way, agonizing securing, and checking of headway over clasp. It is by the by observed to be cut eating up for the understudies. Its introduction broadens the techniques for examination in Medical Laboratory Sciences. Notices 1. Davis MHhttp:/informahealthcare.com/entityImage/? code=200B A ; zwnj ; , Amin Zhttp:/informahealthcare.com/entityImage/? code=200B A ; zwnj ; , Grande JP, O’Neill AEhttp:/informahealthcare.com/entityImage/? code=200B, Pawlina Whttp:/informahealthcare.com/entityImage/? code=200B A ; zwnj ; , Thomas R. et al.Case surveies in result based guidance. Clinical Teacher 2007 ; 29 ( 7 ) :717-722 2. Driessen, E. , Van Tartwijk, J. , Overeem, K. , et Al. Conditionss for fruitful agonizing utilization of portfolios in undergrad clinical education.Medical Education 2005 ; 39:1230 - 1235 3. Carraccio C. Portfolio Assessment: The Key to Learner Centered-Education. Downloaded from: hypertext move convention:/innovationlabs.com/r3p_public/rtr2/downloads/Portfolios % 20R3P % 20Group % 20Plenary.ppt. Gotten to 13/01/2010. 4. Friedman Ban David M, Davis M H, Harden R M, Howie P W, Ker J and Pippard M J. AMEE Medical Education Guide No 24: Portfolios as a strategy for understudy examination. Clinical Teacher 2001 ; 23 ( 6 ) :535-551 5. McCready T. Portfolios and the examination of competency in nursing: A writing reappraisal. Global Journal of Nursing Studies 2007 ; 44 ( 1 ) :143-151 6. Izatt S. Instructive positions: Portfolios: The accompanying examination device in clinical guidance? NeoReviews 2007 ; 8 ( 10 ) : e405 7. Thom A ; eacute ; G, Hovenberg H, Edgren G. Portfolio as a strategy for continuous evaluation in an undergrad wellbeing guidance program. Clinical Teacher 2006 ; 28 ( 6 ) : e171-e176 8. Lim J L K, Chan N F, Cheong P Y. Involvement in portfolio-based securing in family unit clinical unique

Principles of Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 6

Standards of Economics - Assignment Example This is a factor that will bring about understudies missing on the administrations and others will select to stop out of school wile others will be compelled to utilize different methods for transportation that are probably going to bother them more. Utilized understudies will feel the squeeze the most. Their time will be squandered with the majority of them settling on outside stopping. Jobless understudies have satisfactory time to search for stopping and notwithstanding the hurry to class, they will be the best supporters of the brought down stopping costs. Opportunity cost alludes to the loss of one elective when the other is picked. 100 bats are equal to the creation of 400 rackets. Delivering an extra 100 bats will hence bring about the loss of 400 rackets. The bigger exchange off is realized by the equivalent pace of creating the two things in the subsequent situation. While the other will bring about the loss of more rackets, the subsequent situation brings about the loss of 100 rackets. This is more acceptable than in the principal case. f. Assume Athletic Country is as of now creating 200 bats and 200 rackets. What number of extra bats would they be able to create without surrendering any rackets? What number of extra rackets might they be able to create without surrendering any bats? (4 Marks) The creation of equivalent number of the two basically brings about equivalent number of either thing if there should be an occurrence of an exchange off. In this situation, one bat or racket exchanged off outcomes in the loss of one racket or bat favored over the other. This kind of creation is proficient as it guarantees powerful returns for the capital contributed. If there should be an occurrence of an expanded interest on both of the two, the firm essentially stops the creation of the other along these lines augmenting on the capital. So as to lessen smoking, the administration puts an extra duty of  £2 on a pack of twenty cigarettes. Following one month, while the cost to the customer has expanded a lot, the amount

16 for the 16s

16 for the 16’s 16. Go to the Meet the Bloggers event! So you might be looking at the CPW schedule and thinking about the ridiculous number of awesome events, but dont worry! Were here to help. And you may be wondering who WE are, so we drew something for you! Without further ado: 16 Guidelines to Making the Most of your CPW N = Nat, K = Kirsten 1. Dont buy ANY food! N: One of the best parts of CPW is the massive amounts of delicious free food, but eating at events is so much more than that. Food events are a great place to meet new people and make event hopping friends. K: Also, if youre interested in the dining halls, nows a good time to check them out :) Especially since you guys will have a meal card! 2. Dont be afraid to randomly talk to other prefrosh. Everyone wants to meet new people just as much as you. K: MEET PEOPLE. Its awesome when people tell introduce me to friends that they met over CPW!! I wish I met more people over cpw :( N: Whenever I went to events it felt like EVERYONE already knew each other, but thats not the case. You tend to only notice the large groups, but the majority of attendees will be looking for friends, just like you! 3. Visit EVERY dorm. Dont let stereotypes youve heard stop you from checking out an event. N: Go to the events and form your own opinions. Theres a community for everyone! K: If youre thinking about going to MIT (which I know you all are going to go here), then you should really get to know the culture and community of the different dorms. 4. The best events are late at night. You have the rest of high school to sleep. K: Truth. Dont sleep! N: My favorite events were the firehose sessions which last well into the morning. Dont let a little drowsiness stop you from having fun. 5. If you are coming with your parents, make sure you do the events that YOU want to do. Youre the one wholl be spending four years here. N: I cant tell you how many parents were on dorm tours and at various events with clearly bored children. K: Do your own thing :D The best thing you can do is find out if you feel comfortable in the MIT community. 6. GO TO THE FRESHMAN LEARNING COMMUNITY EVENTS. N: This years a little different in that all of ESGs/Concourses/Terrascopes/Media Arts and Sciences recruitment has to occur during CPW. So drop by and let us convince you why FLCs are cool! K: Nat says I should say that FLCs are cool. 7. Go to the CPW Prefrosh Welcome! K: Because it might be the only time before graduation when a significant portion of the 2016s are in one place! 8. Dont be afraid to check out the Greek events. They may be really far away but theyre definitely worth it. N: Around 50% of men and 30% of women at MIT are affiliated. Throw out everything youve ever thought about Greek Life, nearly every pledge Ive met this year has said, I never thought Id be in a fraternity/sorority. K: You might think: Oh those Greek houses are too far to go visit over CPW. But lemme clarify some things.  Saferide is EXTREMELY easy to use and will take you to the houses safely (in case you werent sure by the name). Also, if youre curious about Greek life, its the best time to check out the different fraternities and sororities. 9. Talk to current MIT students! We love talking to prefrosh. K: Dont be afraid to talk to us!! We love talking about MIT and answering all of your questions. It makes us feel legit. N: We can give you whatever information you need! Directions, why you should choose MIT, and life guidance to name a few. 10. Dont plan out your whole CPW, go where the flow takes you. N: I made a detailed list of every event I was going to go to on the plane ride to CPW, then threw it out after my second or third event. K: Definitely find events that you want to go to, but dont feel like you need to be on a strict schedule :) 11. For those of you curious about Interphase, attend the info session! N: This is one of the choices youll have to make pretty soon, and itll be filled with pertinent information! K: Nats going to be a TA for this. More of a reason to learn about Interphase! 12.  Go to the activity and athletics fair. Explore the different activities, try something new, obtain free things, meet more prefrosh, obtain free things, eat liquid nitrogen ice cream, oh and did we say free things everywhere? K: FREEEEEEE N: You shouldve stopped after free things, thats really all you need to know. 13.Try new things by going to an event you scanned over whilst looking at the schedule. K: YOPO. Youre only a prefrosh once. 13.A  Get liquid nitrogen ice cream at some point. K: Frozen deliciousness. N: And its right after the activities/athletics fair, MORE FREE STUFF. 13.B.Dye your hair! N: Okay, this might not be for everyone but if youre in the business of dying your hair a neon color, CPWs the place to do it. K: DO IT. (Although it may be pertinent to remember that graduation/prom may be coming soon.) 14. Go to a Firehose session! Or 2, or 5. K: A taste of life at MIT :P N: And they cover some really cool topics. 15. LOOK AT THE POSTERS ON THE WALLS OF EVERY CORRIDOR. N: I didnt realize until the last day that most of the posters were for the prefrosh. Dont miss a cool sounding event just because you didnt take a moment to check the posters! K: Apparently, there were lots of posters for events down infinite for the events. I wasnt even aware of this!!!! D: 16. Go to the Meet the Bloggers event! K: Because youre awesome. Were awesome. Awesome people should meet each other for the sake of awesomeness. If thats not enough ROOT BEER FLOATS! N: Two words. Chris Peterson. If you follow these 16 simple guidelines, thisll be you, Before CPW! amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br /amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; During CPW After CPW

16 for the 16s

16 for the 16’s 16. Go to the Meet the Bloggers event! So you might be looking at the CPW schedule and thinking about the ridiculous number of awesome events, but dont worry! Were here to help. And you may be wondering who WE are, so we drew something for you! Without further ado: 16 Guidelines to Making the Most of your CPW N = Nat, K = Kirsten 1. Dont buy ANY food! N: One of the best parts of CPW is the massive amounts of delicious free food, but eating at events is so much more than that. Food events are a great place to meet new people and make event hopping friends. K: Also, if youre interested in the dining halls, nows a good time to check them out :) Especially since you guys will have a meal card! 2. Dont be afraid to randomly talk to other prefrosh. Everyone wants to meet new people just as much as you. K: MEET PEOPLE. Its awesome when people tell introduce me to friends that they met over CPW!! I wish I met more people over cpw :( N: Whenever I went to events it felt like EVERYONE already knew each other, but thats not the case. You tend to only notice the large groups, but the majority of attendees will be looking for friends, just like you! 3. Visit EVERY dorm. Dont let stereotypes youve heard stop you from checking out an event. N: Go to the events and form your own opinions. Theres a community for everyone! K: If youre thinking about going to MIT (which I know you all are going to go here), then you should really get to know the culture and community of the different dorms. 4. The best events are late at night. You have the rest of high school to sleep. K: Truth. Dont sleep! N: My favorite events were the firehose sessions which last well into the morning. Dont let a little drowsiness stop you from having fun. 5. If you are coming with your parents, make sure you do the events that YOU want to do. Youre the one wholl be spending four years here. N: I cant tell you how many parents were on dorm tours and at various events with clearly bored children. K: Do your own thing :D The best thing you can do is find out if you feel comfortable in the MIT community. 6. GO TO THE FRESHMAN LEARNING COMMUNITY EVENTS. N: This years a little different in that all of ESGs/Concourses/Terrascopes/Media Arts and Sciences recruitment has to occur during CPW. So drop by and let us convince you why FLCs are cool! K: Nat says I should say that FLCs are cool. 7. Go to the CPW Prefrosh Welcome! K: Because it might be the only time before graduation when a significant portion of the 2016s are in one place! 8. Dont be afraid to check out the Greek events. They may be really far away but theyre definitely worth it. N: Around 50% of men and 30% of women at MIT are affiliated. Throw out everything youve ever thought about Greek Life, nearly every pledge Ive met this year has said, I never thought Id be in a fraternity/sorority. K: You might think: Oh those Greek houses are too far to go visit over CPW. But lemme clarify some things.  Saferide is EXTREMELY easy to use and will take you to the houses safely (in case you werent sure by the name). Also, if youre curious about Greek life, its the best time to check out the different fraternities and sororities. 9. Talk to current MIT students! We love talking to prefrosh. K: Dont be afraid to talk to us!! We love talking about MIT and answering all of your questions. It makes us feel legit. N: We can give you whatever information you need! Directions, why you should choose MIT, and life guidance to name a few. 10. Dont plan out your whole CPW, go where the flow takes you. N: I made a detailed list of every event I was going to go to on the plane ride to CPW, then threw it out after my second or third event. K: Definitely find events that you want to go to, but dont feel like you need to be on a strict schedule :) 11. For those of you curious about Interphase, attend the info session! N: This is one of the choices youll have to make pretty soon, and itll be filled with pertinent information! K: Nats going to be a TA for this. More of a reason to learn about Interphase! 12.  Go to the activity and athletics fair. Explore the different activities, try something new, obtain free things, meet more prefrosh, obtain free things, eat liquid nitrogen ice cream, oh and did we say free things everywhere? K: FREEEEEEE N: You shouldve stopped after free things, thats really all you need to know. 13.Try new things by going to an event you scanned over whilst looking at the schedule. K: YOPO. Youre only a prefrosh once. 13.A  Get liquid nitrogen ice cream at some point. K: Frozen deliciousness. N: And its right after the activities/athletics fair, MORE FREE STUFF. 13.B.Dye your hair! N: Okay, this might not be for everyone but if youre in the business of dying your hair a neon color, CPWs the place to do it. K: DO IT. (Although it may be pertinent to remember that graduation/prom may be coming soon.) 14. Go to a Firehose session! Or 2, or 5. K: A taste of life at MIT :P N: And they cover some really cool topics. 15. LOOK AT THE POSTERS ON THE WALLS OF EVERY CORRIDOR. N: I didnt realize until the last day that most of the posters were for the prefrosh. Dont miss a cool sounding event just because you didnt take a moment to check the posters! K: Apparently, there were lots of posters for events down infinite for the events. I wasnt even aware of this!!!! D: 16. Go to the Meet the Bloggers event! K: Because youre awesome. Were awesome. Awesome people should meet each other for the sake of awesomeness. If thats not enough ROOT BEER FLOATS! N: Two words. Chris Peterson. If you follow these 16 simple guidelines, thisll be you, Before CPW! amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br /amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; During CPW After CPW

Essay on Media Influence on Black Children - 5404 Words

Media Influence on Black/African-American Children Abstract: An overview of how media in the decades since the 1950s had influenced the education of Black/African-Americann Students. Media in the decades since the 1950s has dramatically influenced the education of Black/African-American children. The media, which includes television, newspapers, magazines, radio, advertising and the internet, is a vital part of constantly creating and reinforcing stereotypes. Media affects and influences the nation and the world through many different ways. Mass media is a name given to organizations that communicate to our society. Mass media also shows us what kind of society we live within. Television is the biggest type of media simply because†¦show more content†¦Blacks faced social, economical, physical and political disadvantages. Even cartoons in the 50’s continued to show blacks characters that were depicted as very dark brown, wooly black hair, large red lips, so large there were disproportionate with the rest of the face, the animated Colored character appeared dim witted and usually took the brunt of the joke. The image of African-Americans has been greatly depreciated by the roles they play on television sitcoms. On these shows African-Americans are depicted as being maids, clowns, and buffoons. This misrepresentation of African-Americans has become common place through out the media. Black people faced many injustices in America. One of the most controversial sitcoms was the Amos ‘n Andy Show. This sitcom included two black comedic men, this show is the start of the creation of the African-American stereotypes that most people have grown accustom to today. Initially, the Amos ‘n Andy Show began as a radio show with two white men portraying two black men. When the show transferred to television, it consisted of two black men portraying the two black comedic dummies. They were still performing the slapstick comedy as made popular on the radio show, but to be able to see them visually had a greater effect. The roles that the two black men played are the typical roles that blacks play inShow MoreRelatedThe Media s Inf luence On Black Children Essay1151 Words   |  5 PagesThe media has conditioned society into thinking that racial stereotypes are the norm. â€Å"Irish people are drunks† and â€Å"Asians are good at math† are all classic examples of common racial stereotypes. Author Michael Omi of â€Å"In Living Color: Race and American Culture† asserts how media presentation of minorities establishes people perspectives of â€Å"these groups†. But where do these racial stereotypes at the media fingertips originate from? It comes from the establishment of America oppressing othersRead MoreThe Effects Of Television On Children s Influence On Society1439 Words   |  6 Pagesby Nielson’s 20ll â€Å"State of the Trends in TV Viewing,† over 99% of Americans own at least one television and average a total of 34 hours 39 minutes of TV viewing per week (Citation). Outlets such as television shows and movies have the power to influence viewers both directly and indirectly in positive manners; being able to see someone like yourself has the ability to shape how you view yourself and the world. However, the problem lies in the fact that the majority of those seen on TV are heterosexualRead MoreMedia Effects Body Image1656 Words   |  7 PagesApril 6, 2014 The Effects of Mass Media on African American Women Body Images Over the past 10 years, mass media and the access to social networks has evolved substantially causing the effects of negative self-image and what is considered beautiful. Body image expectations for both African-American male and female share the battles of society’s expectations, yet African American women body images come with a stricter and more unhealthy stigma; growth of social media such as Facebook, Instagram andRead MoreWhat Is Being Sold To The Youth Of The This Country Today?1185 Words   |  5 Pages What is being sold to the youth of the this country today? Looking specifically at media shown to children. I watched some kids TV ads to see what is actually being shown to the youth of the country. Children are exposed to systemic racism very early by the commercials they view when watching cartoons especially on Saturday mornings. I remember as a child I always wondered why being a young black boy there weren’t anyone that looked like me or if there was they didn t really have a part theyRead MoreThe Dangers Of Blaxploitation Films Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesafter the civil rights movement due to the influence African Americans were having on society. The movie Coffy, directed by Jack Hill and release in 1973, is a great example of how Blaxploitation movies reinforced the stereotypes that already exist about black men and women. Young African American filmmakers, made lots of these types of movies in order to appeal to the young African American crowd. In the article â€Å"Baadasss Gangstas: The Parallel Influences, Characteristics and Criticisms of the BlaxploitationRead MoreMedia s Effect On Black Children Essay1201 Words   |  5 PagesMedia has conditioned society into thinking racial stereotypes are the norm. â€Å"Irish people are drunks† and â€Å"Asians are good at math† are all classic examples of common racial stereotypes. Author Michael Omi of â€Å"In Living Color: Race and American Culture† asserts how media presentation of minorities establishes peoples perspectives of â€Å"these groups†. However, where do racial stereotypes media portray originate from? It comes from the establishment of America oppressing others. Minorities haveRead MoreA Brief Note On The Crimes Of The Past1706 Words   |  7 Pagesworld around us, and one of the most influential we see currently is the media. As kids grow up and develop, they are exposed to a lot of media from Nickelodeon to Cartoon Network, to one of the most impactful, Disney Channel. When it comes to the media we know that over the course of time things can be skewed to look a certain way and they typically may have subliminal messages. So what message are we showing our children? When it comes to Disney and their iconic princesses, we know that they typicallyRead MoreThe Stereotypes Of African American Females Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagesinstilled in us at a young age by our previous experiences and by our parents. Whether they are positive or negative, African American females have to deal with these on a daily basis. Stereotypes often influence the way people view themselves and the way others view them. These are represented in American media, such as commercials and other advertisements. Reflection on Experience After watching one hundred commercials, I found that African American females are represented in 23% of the advertisementsRead MoreDue 11Th January.To What Extent Are We Influenced By The1537 Words   |  7 PagesDUE 11th January To what extent are we influenced by the media? Mass media can be defined as communication that transmits education, information, entertainment and news to mass audiences. Whether it be print media, such as newspapers and magazines, audio visual media, such as television, or cyber media, there has been debates on the impact and to what extent it can influence the populations behaviour, thoughts or actions. Print media, such as newspapers have an agenda. People trust newspapers asRead MoreLiterature Review On Police Brutality1105 Words   |  5 Pagesgeographical location, race, gender, personal experience and in personal ones as well. In the last few years police and the African American community on a national level been more disconnected due to a pattern of unforeseen circumstances of unarmed black men being shot and killed by officers, that end up serving no jail or repercussion besides paid administrative leave. Police brutality is defined by The Law Dictionary as the use of force used unnecessarily. â€Å"Force that is used beyond what is necessary

SEN Autism and learning Free Essay Example, 2000 words

There may also be certain behavioural observations that may appear as obsessive or ritualistic in nature, as for example, a child instead of playing with his toys, may insist on repeatedly stacking them one on top of the other, or may insist on lining up the toys, repeatedly. Additionally, a child with Autism may have temper tantrums that cannot be controlled easily; he may also be extremely resistant to any form of changes, or over sensitive to disturbances in the sights and sounds around him. Certain symptoms of Autism may be rather subtle without any clear distinctions, as for example one may find that an Autistic â€Å"three year old child can read, but can’t play peek-a-boo† (Hayes, 2008, 3), while at times the signs may also be quite obvious, as for example, it may be seen that a â€Å"child may never utter a spoken word, but rather uses pictures or signing to be understood† (ibid). 1.2 Diagnoses of Autism From a study of its symptoms and characteristics of the disorder, it is now quite evident that the diagnoses of Autism would be more behaviour based, and not dependent on the mechanism or cause of the disorder (London, 2007, 408-9). We will write a custom essay sample on SEN Autism and learning or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page The child must also show certain restricted or repetitive behavioural patterns in his interests and activities.

Classical Music Vs. Modern Music - 1001 Words

â€Å"A loose expression for European and American music, of the more serious kind, as opposed to popular folk music,† is the ‘Classical Music’ definition according to the New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Houghton Mifflin Company). It appears that finding a common description for a musical phenomenon, that’s been around since the Medieval Period, is much easier said than done. I must admit that prior to taking this course, I fell victim to assuming all classical music is dense and contained very little diversity. However, after understanding and applying fresh knowledge of the subject, I began to see differences. During my research, I partially expected to find that classical music is unpopular and that society has great disinterest in any form of it. I also expected to find that millennials and baby-boomers would have opposite views on whether classical music is archaic and decaying. The quick poll I conducted revealed eight out of ten people said clas sical music isn’t dead and six of those eight were millennials. Fortunately, I was surprised by some of the evidence I encountered. By the very definition, classical music can be broad and versatile. It is hardly logical to assume that something so old cannon evolve over time. First, I will address the notions that classical music is deceased, or at least, on its last legs. Symphony orchestra attendance is on a decline in the United States. CNN’s Charlie Albright reported that in 2012, 8.8% of Americans went to a musicalShow MoreRelatedClassical Vs. Modern Music1409 Words   |  6 PagesClassical vs. Modern Music Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria. He was born to an overbearing and ambitious father, Leopold, who was more than anxious to exploit his son s extraordinary musical gifts. Mozart began composing at an early age, and he began touring around the same time. Throughout his life, Mozart made many enemies, many his own fault, through his naive arrogance and harsh critique of his musical contemporaries. He worked feverishly, composingRead MoreClassical vs. Modern Music Essay1080 Words   |  5 PagesClassical vs. Modern Music Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria. He was born to an overbearing and ambitious father, Leopold, who was more than anxious to exploit his sons extraordinary musical gifts. Mozart began composing at an early age, and he began touring around the same time. Throughout his life, Mozart made many enemies, many his own fault, through his naive arrogance and harsh critique of his musical contemporaries. He worked feverishly, composingRead MoreModern vs. Classical Music955 Words   |  4 Pagessimilar emotional feel for modern day people, as it would have felt for people listening to a live symphony during the Classical era, the ability the artists, and those involved with them, have with the increase of new technology and business schemes has allowed their base of listeners to be on a global scale for millions, if not yet billions. During the late 17th century to early 19th century, the phenomenon that is the evolution of Liturgical Music had hi t the Classical era; extremely skilled artistsRead MoreThe Modern Perceptions of Classical Music Essay example553 Words   |  3 Pageshear the term â€Å"music† they are likely to respond with a fresh singer, band, or genre of â€Å"pop† music. Often times society places their opinion of classical music and popular music on completely different wavelengths of importance in the world. The modern perception of classical vs. popular music has led to a heavily decreasing audience for classical groups and performances, a desire for repetitive and simple melodies, and a negative stigma against classical music’s importance. When music began to becomeRead MoreFree Will vs Determinism in A Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess1208 Words   |  5 Pagesaccordingly to one’s own nature, they should be able to express their free will. In turn, he uses this justification to senselessly beat a man up for simply not liking him. This could be supported by a quote from an article about the study of free will vs determinism, which states, â€Å"freedom to choose fits comfortably with the assumption that people deserve what they get† (Carey 133). Alex could agree that someone of his own violent nature deserves this moment, or that the man deserved the beating. HoweverRead MoreMusic and Race Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagescertain music to cure diseases or to make scientific or technological discoveries, music is one thing society can never live without. To both artists and their listeners, music provides an indispensible beauty that helps fulfill lives, and connect to nature. Music expresses the human condition in the purest way and affects everyone at a personal level. Plato, a well-known classical Greek philosopher once said, â€Å"If you want to measure the spiritual depth of society, make sure to mark its music.† GenerallyRead MoreNeoclassicism Vs. Modernism Essay1174 Words   |  5 Pages Igor Stravinsky makes for a first-class example of differences and similarities between neoclassicism and modernism. Modernism is defined as â€Å"A term used in music to denote a multi-faceted but distinct and continuous tradition within 20th-century composition†1, while neoclassicism may be defined as â€Å"A movement of style in the works of certain 20th-century composers, who, particularly during the period between the two world wars, revived the balanced forms and clearly perceptible thematic processesRead MoreWho Killed the Electric Car vs. A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash1298 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Who Killed the Electric Car vs. A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash Who Killed the Electric Car directed by Chris Paine and A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash directed by Basil Gelpke and Ray McCormack are similar documentary films in several aspects including their target audiences and viewpoints. Both documentaries choose to approach their messages differently concerning their use(s) of pathos, logos, and ethos. Who Killed the Electric Car relies much more on the use of pathos to relay its argumentRead MoreEssay on Renaissance vs Neoclassicism1295 Words   |  6 PagesTrefren, D Renaissance VS Neoclassicism How could two periods such as the Neoclassicism and the Renaissance be so successful and be focused on very different things? Neoclassicism and the Renaissance are two major periods in the history of art during which different forms of art including architecture, painting, music and visual arts, significantly advanced. It was during these periods, different artists became very famous as a result of the masterpieces reflecting how the ideologies and artisticRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Bharatanatyam 1988 Words   |  8 Pagescapacity to tell stories and emote various feelings to tell a story. The dance stems from a scripture called the Natyashastra, which includes all the guidelines about classical dance and performance etiquette. According to Sridevi Jagannath, a dance teacher in Cary, North Carolina, and the Director of Laasya School of Dance and Music, â€Å"Bharatanatyam is a dance that connects mind, body, and soul and has the ability to tell a story using expressions called the Navarasas and show emotions using the mind

Racism, sexism and homophobia is growing on colleg Essay Example For Students

Racism, sexism and homophobia is growing on colleg Essay e campuses around thecountry. In response, many universities have adopted policies that address bigotry byplacing restrictions on speech. The alternative to such restrictions, many administratorsargue, is to allow bigots to run rampant and to subject their targets to a loss of equaleducational opportunity. The power of a university to eliminate bias on campusultimately depends not on its ability to punish a racist speaker, but instead on the depthof its commitment to the principles of equality and education. Many universities, underpressure to respond to the concerns of those who are the objects of hate, have adoptedcodes or policies prohibiting speech that offends any group based on race, gender,ethnicity, religion or sexual orientation. Thats the wrong response, well-meaning or not. The First Amendment to theUnited States Constitution protects speech no matter how offensive its content. Speechcodes adopted by government financed state colleges and universities amount togovernment censorship, in violation of the Constitution. And the ACLU believes thatall campuses should adhere to First Amendment principles because academic freedomis a bedrock of education in a free society. No social institution is better suited to fightbigotry than the university. It can do so in its courses and perhaps most importantlythrough the way it conducts itself as a community. Were not talking about choosingbetween the First Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment. Were talking aboutchoosing between regulating speech and regulating action. Murder is illegal. Talkingabout it isnt. Freedom of thought and expression is particularly important on thecollege campuses. The educational forum is where individuals come together toparticipate in a pro cess of shared inquiry and where the success of that endeavordepends on an atmosphere of openness, intellectual honesty and tolerance for the ideasand opinions of others, even when hateful or offensive. Compromising free speechultimately threatens the rights of minorities. All too often, regulations on speech areused to silence the very people they were designed to protect in the first place. AsEleanor Holmes Norton has said: It is technically impossible to write an anti-speechcode that cannot be twisted against speech nobody means to bar. Free speech rightsare indivisible. Restricting the speech of one group or individual jeopardizeseveryones rights because the same laws or regulations used to silence bigots can beused to silence you. Conversely, laws that defend free speech for bigots can be used todefend the rights of civil rights workers, anti-war protesters, lesbian and gay activistsand others fighting for justice. The U.S. Supreme Court did rule in 1942, in a case called Chapl insky vs. NewHampshire, that intimidating speech directed at a specific individual in a face-to-faceconfrontation amounts to fighting words, and that the person engaging in suchspeech can be punished if by their very utterance the words inflict injury or tend toincite an immediate breach of the peace. If a white student stops a black student oncampus and utters a racial slur. In that one-on-one confrontation, which could easilycome to blows, the offending student could be disciplined under the fighting wordsdoctrine for racial harassment. Banning expressions of hate does not make them go away. If we allow them tobe expressed and then each of us takes the individual responsibility to voice ourdisgust, opposition, annoyance and why, then we will educate many others to whycertain ideas are abhorrent. Discussion is the best silencer because it reeducates notjust the perpetuator of hate, but those who are observing it

127 hrs Essay

127 hrs Essay 127 hrs Essay Sarah Mrs. Palmer English 1A 14 October 2014 127 Hours The movie â€Å"127 Hours† is the story of a man named Aron Ralston(James Franco) who is an experienced mountain climber who gets trapped in the Utah canyons when a boulder falls and traps his hand against a canyon wall. He stays trapped in the lonely canyon for a total of five days, during those five days Ralston thinks back on his life and re-evaluates his way of living. He thinks that his selfishness and way of character have gotten him to this situation. He also feels that he this was something that had to happen, his life led up to that moment. Being stuck helped him realize that he should have a better relationship with his parents, just before his trip he had ignore his mother’s phone calls which he regrets later on. I really enjoined watching this movie; the director Danny Boyle did an excellent job directing it from the music choice to the scenery. You would imagine a movie about a man being stuck would be so boring but the director c aught our attention by adding the flashbacks on Ralston’s life. We get to see an inside look at the thought process that Ralston had at the time; we also get to see what he was thinking about. I never lost interest in the movie because Ralston’s story was so inspirational. The choice of music helped make you feel what Ralston was feeling at the time, you almost feel as if you’re the one going through that ordeal as well. This event was a life changing experience for him, this seems like a situation anyone can find themselves in and it puts things in perspective, it make you realize the things we take for granted every day. The thing I really enjoyed about the movie was the message it provided. â€Å"127 Hours† is the ideal story of will power, Ralston tried everything in his power to relieve his arm and when it didn’t work he just never gave up. But during the end of the movie we get the idea that Ralston was thinking about the complete opposite

The White Power - Smart Custom Writing Samples

The White Power - Smart Custom Writing Life eventKatrina was a hurricane in New Orleans that impacted many people. It was the costliest and one of the five deadliest hurricanes to ever strike the United States.   Its effects were long lasting, more than 80% of New Orleans was flooded, and the flooding and the hurricane winds caused major damages all over. Oil refining in the area was closed due to the damage and this impacted on the oil prices globally. Over 90% of the residents of Louisiana were evacuated which was seen as one of the most successful evacuation of an urbanized area. Nevertheless, many still remained especially the poor and the elderly. The famous Louisiana Superdome used as the home for those who were left behind in the city. Those who remained in their homes were forced to swim for their lives, or remain trapped in rooftops or other high places. Although, the disaster caused major impacts for a large portion of the population, politics and economy of the United States as a whole, to some peoples this is a lifetime event. The damage and loss of life caused by this massive hurricane in Louisiana and Mississippi were overwhelming; with considerable effects being felt as far as the Florida panhandle, Georgia, and Alabama. Considering the extent of its impacts, Katrina was one of the most destructive natural disasters in United States history. What occurred during this period lingers in their mind till date and may haunt them till death. Katrina effects cuts across all generations, it had severe effects on the young, adults and the elderly in the society. As a result of this its effects will remain to be felt for a long time. The total number of people affected either directly or indirectly by Katrina was one thousand eight hundred and thirty three. However those who were directly involved were approximately one thousand five hundred across the four states that is Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, Georgia, and Alabama, with Louisiana recording the highest and Alabama the least.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Douglas wife, daughter and in-laws lived in the New Orleans area and all lost their lives in the hurricane.   Douglas a middle aged man was faced with a difficult time having lost his wife, daughter and relatives. Tony, a 17 year old male and Melissa a 72 year old granny were all interviewed about how the storm impacted those focusing on their thoughts, perspectives, behavior, reaction and lessons learned.   The hypothesis used by the researcher was: The hurricane will be more disturbing to the older person than the younger interviewee’s based upon a greater fear of death? The researcher found out that the hurricane was disturbing to all those interviewed. However the hurricane was indeed more disturbing to the old, this can be attributed to the fact that they knew a lot of people who were directly or indirectly involved than the younger ones did. Though all the interviewed had fear over death, the older interviewee showed that she coped up with the death of loved ones than the younger interviewees. Interview How did you deal with the potential of dying during the hurricane?   Douglas a 54 year old man says that the potential of being killed by the hurricane still lingers in his mind as if the disaster happened yesterday. According to him he escaped narrowly simply because he could swim in the flooded area. Though he survived he says he would like to forget the experience that claimed the lives of his loved ones. He is however, happy that he survived the disaster that claimed the lives of many. He says he thank his God for saving him during the incident, â€Å"I pray every day and night and thank my creator that though I lost my loved ones I am alive and health. Many people were crippled by I can walk and do my work comfortably, so I give much praises to the Most High.†Ã‚  Ã‚   Tony a 17 year old man says that the hurricane has made him wiser; according to him most of those who died did not adhere to the evacuation calls. This disaster has taught him a lesson in life that life is more important that the worldly thing. He agrees that the disaster traumatized him and to deal with it he had been going for counseling classes to help him cope with what happened. Above all he says believing in God and asking for comfort from above is the most healing moment. Melissa a 72 year old granny shares her experience in dealing with the potential of losing her life in the hurricane. She says that together with a group of other old people they share their experiences of the time and they get a reason to celebrate that they are still alive. She has since then joined several groups in her region in helping others deal with the potential of losing their lives in so doing she is in position to feel relieved and gets a reason to celebrate life.   What did you think of the hurricane? Melissa says that she thinks that the hurricane was very unfair to them; she argues that it claimed the lives of many innocent people. She prays that such a hurricane never strikes again as it is very destructive and leaves permanent scars. However, according to her it was an act of God and she says that we should not question God for what he has done but pray him for guidance and comfort through difficult time. Douglas on his side thinks that the hurricane is caused by human destruction on nature. He says that they are to blame for such incidents, because of the prevalent global warming and climatic changes. According to him God created the earth and He does not interfere with nature but mankind interferes with it leading to the occurrence of natural disasters. He also says that the hurricane reminds him of unpreparedness to tackle disaster when they strike. He argues that if there was proper disaster management plans more lives could have been saved. Tony says that although he believes in God and that such incident was an act of God. He strongly believes that mankind is to blame not only for that incident but for other disasters in other areas. He says that we people have polluted the earth and that’s the reason why people will continue suffering. He says that the young generations are likely to face more hurricanes that might be more devastating. â€Å"I believe that we will have a harder time than our fore fathers, but our children will have even more devastating life if the trend does not change. What emotions did you feel? Starting his remembrance of the last days of August, 2005, Douglas says, "The story I want to tell today is about my family." Speaking of his wife, daughter and mother-in-law, Douglas says, "The three women in my family have steered my life for the past 59 years, to the man that I am today."Prior to Hurricane Katrina made landfall, the family retreated to Douglas’s mother-in law's house, as they had for many storms. But a look out into the bay behind the house convinced Douglas that the water would rise too high. As he tried to warn his family about the danger, the roof collapsed. Douglas's wife, Linda Allen , 57, and daughter, Donna 35, died, as did Linda's mother, Nadine, 79, and her husband, Edward Gifford, 79. Douglas says that he sheds tears every time he remembers the incident that claimed the lives of his family. Tony, 17, evacuated their home in St. Bernard Parish just before it was reported that the levees had broken. Tony remembers that their home was flooded and then caught fire that had started next door. When Katrina hit his father was 75 and stayed at home, he suffered a heart attack immediately and was airlifted to hospital. Tony and the rest of the family moved to stay with their elder sister in Alabama. Tony vows he will never leave his new home he fears that the disaster would strike again and that going back will make him live in fear.   Melissa a 72 year old granny says she spent more than week in the Superdome. The Superdome was meant to be a refuge, a temporary shelter before those trapped in New Orleans could be evacuated. However rather than resisting the storm, Melissa says, "The roof literally looked like an eggshell. It started to peel. And you could hear the wind." The floodwaters rose all around the Superdome, basically trapping those who wanted shelter there. But, Melissa says, "The people never stopped coming in." Melissa says, "All I wanted to do was let you know I wasn't dead, I was alive." "The whole thing felt like a really bad dream," Melissa says. "I remember just feeling like I just reached the end of my life," Melisa recalls. When she was finally evacuated "That was the happiest day of my life," Melissa says. How did your behavior change? Melissa says that since Katrina hit her life has changed completely she has now got the courage to face the odds in life. â€Å"Life is not always about wining and dining it has its ups and downs, I am now usually ready for anything that may come along†. Melisa says. She further says that she has learned to thank the Almighty each day she wakes up. She has also give much of her life in serving the needy and contributing for charities. Tony on his part says that he creates awareness among his peers on the need for change to cope up with the current climatic change. Since then he has also enrolled for a course in disaster management. He says that he would give his life serving others and helping prevent such occurrences where possible. On his part Douglas says that his behavior has changed on the way he valued material things. He says that accumulating earthly wealth is not a toll order in his life any more; to him there is more to life. Analysis A life event such as the one discussed, causes major implication in the lives of many people irrespective of their age. Various intergenerational theory help understand how a life event impacts on their reactions, perspectives, attitude and behavior. According to Cassel (2001), one such theory is disengagement whereby the older person disengages from the society and the society disengages from the person. In our situation the older individual does not fully disengage from the society but does not seem focused on any long term plans. However, the young individual lays blame on the older generation (Cassel, 2001). The other theory is on successful aging and life-span models are moves towards to living and developing for older adults that is empowering and reflect the facts of growing older and not the myths of aging. Life span models of development are a way for older individuals to reflect on the past and look positively toward the future. Feminism has informed us as to the oppressive nature of dominant society and its ageism. On the other hand, theories of successful aging highlight the strengths of growing older, ways to maximize personal health, and benefits of an intergenerational approach.   Fry   (1992), argues that other dominant theories on aging included continuity and activity theories, Activity theory was grounded in a longitudinal study done in Kansas by Robert in which 300 people were interviewed over a six-year period. Activity theory maintains that in order for an individual to successfully age they need to remain as active as possible in middle-age activities. When roles are lost through widowhood or retirement, activity theory would suggest that substitution and adaptation of new roles would be imperative to a successful aging process. Another applicable theory, continuity theory, suggests that a well-integrated personality is the key to successfully ageing. Continuity theory contends that our personalities and core values intensify with age. In other words, a person’s satisfaction with ageing will depend on how well they continue to entertain personality traits and values rather than changing their lifestyles to match the norms prescribed by society. There is still much about older individuals that is assumed and generalized by society (Lynott,   Lynott, 1996). For example, myths such as declines in mental capacity after middle age and the inability of older persons to work effectively have contributed to the way we perceive and treat older populations. Ageism, like sexism or racism, has hindered our society and our fastest growing population. Conclusion From the above interview it is evident that similar life event causes different attitudes, perspectives, behavior and reaction of the different individuals. Various intergenerational theories have been used to explain or rather to understand human behavior. It has been noted that every generation reacts differently to the impacts of live events. According to some theories the older individual tends to disengage from the society and the society also disengages from them (Schroots, 1996). However, other theories suggest that the life span models of development are a way for older individuals to reflect on the past and look positively toward the future. References Cassel, C. (2001). Successful aging: How increased life expectancy and medical advances are changing geriatric care. Geriatrics, vol. 56, (1), pp. 35-46. Fry, P. (1992). Major social theories of aging and their implications for counseling concepts and practice: A critical review. The Counseling Psychologist, vol. 20, (1), pp. 246-329. Lynott, R. Lynott, P. (1996). Tracing the course of theoretical development in the sociology of aging. The Gerontologist, vol. 36, (2), pp. 749-760. Schroots, J. (1996). Theoretical developments in the psychology of aging. The Gerontologist,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   vol. 36, (1), pp. 742-748.

Juvenile Court Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Juvenile Court Comparison - Essay Example They also say that drug addicts start taking drugs at 13 or 14, but only come to the rehab centers when the situation becomes grim or out of control. This is because they start taking drugs recreationally and by the time they start having problems and decide to seek help it takes time. Unlike social drinking which doesn't affect one's lifestyle, there is nothing like social drugs because substances like cocaine and heroin are very addictive and illegal. The problem arises because most youngsters believe they won't get addicted not realizing that with drugs like cocaine and heroin it's very easy o get hooked on. And when they get addicted the trouble starts to unfold and slowly indulging in criminal offences comes into the picture. When they are arrested for their illegal activities they are sent to the juvenile courts which is basically a civil system and "separated into three types: independent and separate courts, part of a family court and unit within a trial court" (Miriam Van Waters, p. 299). Independent courts act separate from other courts and are found in Connecticut Rhode Island and Utah. States like Alabama doesn't have independent and separate courts. ... Juvenile courts are very much different from adult courts. The main purposes of these courts are to make children understand what's good for them, realize the meaning of life and respect the constitutional laws and abide by it. The main purpose is to protect/treat children to bring a positive change in them and throughout the country except in some states like North Carolina, New York, Arizona, etc., has no specified lowest age limit for jurisdiction. Alabama, Alaska, Florida, etc., are some of the states that have no specified lowest age limit for jurisdiction. Juvenile courts proceeding are less formal and private unlike adult courts where proceedings and hearings should be followed in a formal and public. Further more the proceedings of juvenile courts are kept private and are not released to the press and the proceedings are considered as not criminal. They don't have a right to jury trial and open admission of guilt is more common. In most cases the courts give a chance to improve/treat a child's behavior. Psychiatric Society agrees that 16 is a very young age to get into drugs, but says when you enter college you gain a lot of freedom, are at an impressionable age and get sucked into the wrong crowd. If parents suspect that the child is in to something they talk to him or her. The teenager will definitely deny it, but parents should firmly talk to the child, maybe not at that time, but later on you may not realize how dangerous the situation is and need to take the child to a doctor or a psychiatrist for a check up or counseling. Get him/her professional help. A psychiatrist and his team are well qualified to help a child if a rehab is not immediately available. It's advisable to take the

Business Plan for Loan Approval Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Business Plan for Loan Approval - Assignment Example Falcon is likely to achieve 150 % of what its competitors are doing because of favourable location and other completive advantages. An initial market research finds that the firm would be able to achieve the 200% sales in the next 2 years from the date of commencement of business. At present there are three firms doing similar kind of business in the locality. But, all of them import from some other countries and pay high price for the goods imported. So the first and foremost key element of proposed firm's success is that MP3 players can be marketed at high margin where competitor have no market and at low price where they have market. Both strategies will result in high sales and income. Another key area to be focused upon to bring more sales is the introduction of innovative strategies. When the retailers are given special selling offers and discounts and long credit period to trustworthy customers, more sales can be brought in more turnovers and high profit. Similarly, human resources-the sales people- must be inspired and encouraged to market the product and make the product popular among the retailers. Last, but not least, management of finance must be given equal importance as any other resources. To start with the business takes partnership form of business with two partners of equal share. Accordingly, a partnership deed is created and the firm is registered as per the Partnership Act. It must be given in the partnership deed that both partners should take part in the business and have equal share in the profit earned and loss incurred by the firm. Once the firm achieves major share in the market, the firm is indented to be converted into a privately owned company with few more shares to be distributed among the relatives of the partners. After a few years of successful operation, the company will expand its operations to other markets with diversified products of similar nature. Then, the company will convert itself into a public owned company with limited liability to enjoy all the benefits of a Public Limited Company. 2.2 Start-up Plan The start-up plan begins with athree month start-up period (September to December, 2008). During this period the firm will give emphasis primarily on setting up an office premises and developing an efficient and effective marketing plan and resources including sales personnel. The start-up expenses include expenses associated with opening an office, legal expenses, initial marketing expenses and those associated with hiring people.A part of the initial expenses can be met with the legacy amount inherited from one of the partners' uncle. The rest of the expenses is intended to be met out of the loan sanctioned by a bank. The expansion expenses in future are financed from sales revenue. Initially, the firm is leasing a property in our local high street for which an amount of 200,000 pounds has to be given to purchase the leasehold of the property for ten years in addition to a monthly rent of 15,000 pounds. The following office equipments are necessary at

Reasons For The Fast Global Growth Of Mcdonalds Marketing Essay

Reasons For The Fast Global Growth Of Mcdonalds Marketing Essay McDonalds success can be attributed to their ability to adapt their business to the diverse culture and fast pace of city life by providing quality fast food in a short period of time. Their restaurants are generally comfortable, clean and provide a variety of choices on their fast food menu. The quality of food is generally consistent and prices are low worldwide. This keeps production costs down enabling them to generate higher turnover every year. Furthermore, McDonalds expanded aggressively, opting to franchise rather than operate its new locations, providing new income and little overheads. They managed to provide a product and service to the global middle class, particularly in emerging markets like China, India, and Latin America. This gave McDonalds a massive advantage and great opportunity. By inducing the idea of going global, Kroc managed to attract the fast food market, using Franchised Restaurants, Company Operated Restaurants, and Affiliated Restaurants. To attract the local market Ray introduced a concept of localising the products, so that they will cater to all verities of the local craving. This approach increased the revenue as well as the stability of the company. Krocs strategy of making partnerships with other businesses created huge success to the company. Going in the same successful path, current management has made partnerships with companies such as Wall-mart, Sinopec, and Wall Disney to reach more customers. QUESTION TWO McDonalds needs to adapt to different cultures and conditions when it sets up business in different parts of the world. What problems might McDonalds encounter when it opens outlets in: 2.1 Countries in Eastern Europe? Eastern Europe constitutes an emerging market for most businesses. The collapse of socialism in the region in 1989 facilitated the move of countries to prepare for the participation in the capitalist market. In 1999, most Eastern European countries were working to meet the requirements for the European Community. In 2004, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia became members of the European Union. Membership of a number of European countries in the EU prompted the flow of foreign investments into the country, increasing household income, increasing investment into the region primarily due to cheap labour compared to wages in Western Europe. There was a general trend towards the improvement of the standard of living of citizens of Eastern European countries. However, in the last two years, most Eastern European countries experienced slowed growth due to the increase in the wages of workers that discouraged investments. Nonetheless, wages are still more competitive in Eastern Europe compared to other regions in Europe. Most Eastern European countries are still in the process of completing their transformation from a controlled to a capitalist Economy. Full transition and the stability of the political and economic institutions are expected to boost economic development in these countries. Assessing the potential of a new market for expansion requires the consideration of several factors providing a comprehensive background of the environment that the expanding business firm expect to enter into. In the past unrest created an environment of uncertainty for investors. Products would have to be sourced from nearby countries creating an increase in transportation and labour costs. EU currencies did not have strong buying power, so profit earned would not be enough to sustain the operating costs of the businesses in that region. Consumption volatility could also have an effect on sales on the eastern region due to the rapid increase in income resulting in a change in consumer behaviour. Employment and wage volatility are important factors in deciding to enter a new market because minimal employment and wage volatility translates to regular income for households influencing the stability of consumption resulting to sales and revenue for business firms. The economic condition of the state affects the financial condition of consumers and their ability to purchase the goods and services offered by entering business firms. Although there is a general trend for consumption, employment and wage volatility among European countries, introducing McDonalds into the region is viable for the following reasons: First, McDonalds will develop a market by providing technological, management and marketing expertise to local entrepreneurs enabling them to establish a known restaurant in different areas that creates jobs translating into income to households due to the hiring of local employees and the purchasing of raw materials from the local farmers and businesses. 2.2 Countries in West Asia? If McDonalds was to open a new outlet in one of the West Asian countries, it would have to take a few things into consideration. McDonalds would experience resistance from the Islamic countries for selling American food and culture. Also, Muslims do not eat pork so McDonalds would have to source Halal suppliers and adjust their menu variety to accommodate them. McDonalds has modified its products to cater for local tastes, not least in countries that have special dietary laws. In Muslim countries like Malaysia, bacon is not served in McDonalds burgers or in its breakfast menu, as pork is haraam, or not permissible under Islamic dietary law. In Israel, the nature of kosher dietary laws, forbidding the mixture of meat and dairy products, means that cheeseburgers are not popular among Jewish customers; furthermore, all meat not prepared in a certain manner is considered unkosher by strict observers of the dietary laws. (Spiritus-temporis.com, 2005) 2.3 Countries in Africa? In Africa McDonalds may face various problems when trying to open up new ventures in countries like Ethiopia, Sudan and Zimbabwe. Ethiopia borders Sudan and Kenya and it is one of the largest and poorest countries in Africa. Its population consists of about 74 million people. Two major religious groups occupy Ethiopia, Muslim and Ethiopian Orthodox, with Muslim being the majority. Unfortunately Ethiopia suffers some the worlds worst droughts in history, which in turn destroys their economy. Agriculture produces 60% of exports, and 80% of total employment for the country. In order to develop a McDonalds in Ethiopia, many major factors such as location analysis, market, competition, facilities style, and menu must be considered. McDonalds already has great marketing programs and strategies in place in other foreign markets so the corporation can help with those variables. Most cultures in Ethiopia will allow consumption of red meat such as hamburgers but not of pork. The bacon used for breakfast and on certain sandwiches can be available but also substitutable with turkey bacon. The Ethiopian culture also doesnt use utensils so they will also be available but optional. Zimbabwe is another country that is filled with Political and financial turmoil over the past few years. McDonalds had indicated its interest in Zimbabwe in 1997 and wanted to open a franchise in the country in 1999 but a political storm that year, which later precipitated an unprecedented crisis that saw inflation levels soaring to record highs, forced the fast foods giant to retreat. (bizcommunity.com, 2011) QUESTION THREE 3.1 Critically discuss McDonalds Globalisation Strategy Globalisation is the integration of markets and technology to a degree never witnessed before in a way that it enables individuals, corporations and nation states to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before. Globalisation affects the whole world in ways that may benefit some while disregarding others. Global corporations, such as McDonalds manipulate their advertising to persuade a target audience to purchase and support what I believe to be an unhealthy scheme. Not only has McDonalds changed the way people view the world, but through negative impacts such as health issues, it has also manipulated the everyday life of individuals living in a global community. The faà §ade of healthy eating posed by McDonalds is epitomised through a short TV advertisement displaying the disturbing outcomes due to reliance on quick, easy and convenient food that people pay for, not only with their wallet, but also their health. Globalisation is the outcome of mixing the concepts of localisation and globalisation-as a portmanteau, it is the coming together of the two terms in a manner which suggests that there should be a way for businesses and people to think globally, act locally (Egan, 2007). In practice, this generates business strategies and manners of communication which seek to find innovative ways to blend together the use of a global communication network and scale with the desire to maintain individual areas and cultures, by means of modifying large scale organisations to suit smaller populations (Schumacher, 1967). Consider, for example, McDonalds: as an organisation, it is an incredibly large company which has put branches in many areas and across several different countries. But as they have continued to grow, there has been an increase in resistance against such large scale corporate food chains, as they are seen to ruin the character of a neighbourhood and drain it of culture, as well as provi ding food which is perceived to be substandard and unhealthy. They have therefore had to modify their business practices so as to instil practices which are more welcoming to the local populations, for example by focusing on foodstuffs which are popular amongst the local neighbourhoods and providing healthier, more upscale types of foods on their menu (Towers, 2004). Standardized and adapted approaches to communication are two dichotomous approaches to an advertising or marketing campaign which rely upon two very different methods and achieve differing results. A standardized approach to communication is based upon using the same marketing strategies and techniques regardless of where the campaign is being publicised. This would mean, for example, that the slogans and marketing materials are the same whether the global organisation is approaching a target audience in the United Kingdom or in India (DePalma 2004). A good example of this would be a company like McDonalds, whose campaign slogan Im lovin it remains the same no matter what country it is in-the slogan may be translated out of English and into the local language, but the concept and execution remain the same. The campaign was first launched in Germany in September 2003 as ich liebe es and followed in the United Kingdom and the United States soon after with Im lovin it. The benefits of a standardised marketing plan is that it is cost effective-as it does not require multiple marketing strategies to be drawn up and implemented-and that it helps to create a cohesive global branding concept (DePalma 2004). McDonalds, to continue the example, is easily recognisable the world over for the same branding concepts as any other country. McDonalds has grown from an organisation which had a few branches in the United States to an international phenomenon that has stores in nearly every country in the world. Known for reasonably priced meals with fast food and service, they have pushed even harder to become both a recognisable brand that draws customers in on the strength of their name and brand, but also to adapt to local mores and traditions in such a way to incorporate themselves into neighbourhoods in a strong fashion (Azarya, 2004). McDonalds has had a greater impetus to modify their business practices on a local scale as they are serving food products which are not always locally acceptable. In India, for example, where the Hindu religion prohibits the eating of beef, McDonalds has changed their menu to be primarily chicken and vegetable based, with several items being seasoned in similar ways to the local tradition (McDonalds India, 2010). 3.2 Explain why and how the entry stage of McDonalds was different in China in comparison with the rest of the world. McDonalds made a foray into China in 1990. In China of the 90s ancient belief systems rooted in Confucianism and Taoism were intermingling with Western ideologies, through the narrow window opened up by the Communist government at the helm. This was especially true with regards to thoughts on consumption, consumerism and brands. Although, the hurdles faced by McDonalds in China, like lack of quality supplies and distribution difficulties, were very similar to the Russian experience, it found a more accommodating and efficient bureaucracy and government in the Chinese. The Chinese government wanted to develop its fast food market and wanted McDonalds to take the risk in paving the way. Thus there was mutual interest involved and consequently, on the cultural acceptability front, McDonald did not have to labour as much as it had to in the Soviet Union where it had to stave off an ideological backlash before finding its feet. The interactions between the McDonald brand (and all that it stood for), and the Chinese cultural value system, combined to provide a synergy that resulted in some interesting developments. While in some cases McDonalds became an upholder of traditional values, while in other situations, McDonalds became an appropriate medium for consumers to explore new beliefs and ways of acting. This apparent paradox epitomized the fact that Chinese society was making a transition and elements of McDonalds value orientation were slowly being imbued by the Chinese masses. Two instances are cited to highlight this: McDonalds made a departure from the hierarchical set up of the dining experience in traditional Chinese restaurants, based on considerations of age. In McDonalds the seating arrangements were open, and everyone having equal access as to where to sit and what to order. In this case McDonalds encouraged the Chinese to make a departure from tradition. The lack of alcohol served in McDonalds led some consumers, primarily Chinese women, to embrace being able to be on a more equal footing with men while eating. In this case McDonalds upheld a traditional Chinese custom. In retrospect, in Russia, McDonalds has come a long way from the days of communism inspired anti-globalization backlash. Today, the McDonalds brand is a sign of quality for Russians, so being seen to work for it or supply to it is a highly regarded stamp of cultural approval. By investing in a strong local supply chain and teaching local producers, McDonalds has earned itself an almost unassailable position in the minds of the Soviet people who now view McDonalds as an international brand, run by local people and supplied by local people. It is little wonder that there are as many as 137 McDonalds restaurants in 37 cities with 500,000 customers a day. In a cultural milieu qualitatively different from that of the Americans, McDonalds has done remarkably well in China over the last 15 years. Analyzed from the cultural perspective, today McDonalds does not always denote Westernization in the minds of the Chinese consumers and the interactions are more subtle than that with the result th at McDonalds has absorbed elements of the traditional value system and the Chinese people have imbued elements of Western culture from McDonalds producing a powerful synergy in the process. (answers.com, 2011) QUESTION FOUR Explain some of McDonalds efforts to localize its offerings in China and describe how successful these efforts were. (operational issues) sourced local suppliers, employed local The Chinese fast food market has been booming in the last decade because of fast changing lifestyles and eating habits. The reason for this evolution is that Chinese consumers have accepted the Western-style fast food restaurants as a way of life in China. As a result, the popular American food has become a huge success story, creating a growing market for U.S. frozen potatoes. To position a product in a country, a good marketing strategy is needed. McDonalds success in China is based on a five-point strategy focused on product, price, people, promotion and place. A new trend is the introduction of the sixth P, namely profit. McDonalds also tries to improve the profitability in China. (Edward B. Colby, 2006) PRODUCT McDonalds product strategy consists of three categories. First they try to reflect the tastes and customs of the local markets by offering different kind of menus. The Chicken McNuggets in China come with the traditional BBQ, Sweet Sour, and Honey Mustard sauces, but theres also a Chilli Garlic Sauce, which is very popular in China. (Answers.com, 2007) In 2001 McDonalds Vegetable and Seafood Soup and Corn Soup were introduced. I think that these menu items were introduced because it was in line with their culture and love for foods with exotic taste. Clearly this proved to be a successful marketing strategy as it targeted the palatial needs of the Chinese people because of their ancient history and experimentation with different varieties of food. Furthermore McDonalds went on to introduce a local; version of its Dollar Menu calling it the Value Menu. This also proved a successful concept as most Chinese people are short, tiny in physique and very health conscious. The regular sized meals in the US and other parts of the world suited the BMI (Body Mass Index) height and weight of the average customer. Remember, Chinese people in general are not big eaters thus the reason for McDonalds offering a smaller and cheaper variation of the original product. Due to the urbanization and overpopulated cities, China has many problems with vehicles and parking. McDonalds opened restaurants and dessert kiosks targeting pedestrians and the general working class. Secondly, McDonalds also tries to provide information about their products. In cooperation with their global nutrition team, their local business units develop and implement nutrition information, which can be found on the packaging of the products. The packaging provides information on key nutritional values in a simple and clear format, so that customers around the world can use the information to make menu choices that suit their preferences. Also other communication tools are used, such as advertising both on television as on the World Wide Web to give information about the quality of their food products. (McDonalds Corporation, 2007) Thirdly McDonalds promotes physical activity, for example their sponsorship of the Olympic Games. McDonalds history with the Olympic Movement dates back to 1968. As the Worldwide Olympic Partner and the Official Restaurant of the Olympic Games, McDonalds has served millions of athletes. With the sponsoring of the Beijing Olympic Games in 2008 McDonalds wants to continue to promote an Active Balanced Lifestyle and Olympic Spirit among Kids, Families and Adults of all ages. (Beijing 2008, 2007) This strategy gained McDonalds a lot of support and trust from the Chinese people as their campaign supported good health and physical activity. PRICE The conventional wisdom about China is that most consumers are highly sensitive to price. As a result, a decrease in burger prices is likely to be more effective than a big marketing campaign. To convince Chinese consumers coming to McDonalds, McDonalds lowered prices for its basic menu consisting of a hamburger, fries and drink from 12.50 Yuan to 10 Yuan. (Scott Hume, 2007) Across China there are a lot of differences in purchasing power. Therefore McDonalds China is also exploring menu pricing by taking into account both market and restaurant. (James A. Skinner, 2006) PEOPLE McDonalds provides employment and growth opportunities for a lot of people, more than 1.5 million worldwide. Entering the Chinese market they can give many people the opportunity to operate in their restaurants. They focus also on training and development, which is necessary to learn the required skills, to do their jobs well. McDonalds has its own learning academy, namely the Hamburger University (HU), where a leadership development program is established based on Western management practices. (McDonalds Corporation c, 2007) PLACE There are two important evolutions concerning this subject. First evolution is to open McDonalds China 24 hours a day. Presently, more than 400 restaurants of the 800 restaurants in China have provided services for 24 hours a day. In Beijing 40% of the companys stores open their business for 24 hours. In Shanghai 50% and in Guangzhou 60% have a 24-hour service. The major reason for opening 24-hour restaurants is to meet the demand by the customers, because more and more customers need the services at night because of their changing living habits. In Beijing customers actually werent eager for the night service due to the relatively cold weather there at night. This is different from the customers in the warmer southern China. (Answers.com) The McDonalds success story in China is quite evident as they opened their first 1000th McDonalds restaurant faster than any other country outside the US and is the main focus for investment in the regionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ They go one further to mention that they plan to have à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦2000 outlets in China by 2013. Clearly this is quite an achievement in country that is diverse and rich on different culture. QUESTION FIVE Discuss the challenges that McDonalds faced when entering the Chinese market and to expand its operations. You need to use the Geert Hofstedes model to compare China and the U.S. and then highlight cultural challenges that the U.S. managers must be aware of in managing McDonalds operations in China) McDonalds difficulties and challenges in China McDonalds is considered as the most successful and largest restaurant chain in the world. In 1990 McDonalds opened its first store in Shenzhen China. In 1992, McDonalds Beijing outlet was opened. There are more than 800 McDonalds outlets in China today. (answers.com, 2011) In so far as the legal aspect was concerned, there were no franchise laws that existed in China. This posed a problem about how franchises should exist or operate. Chinese people were loyal to Chinese cuisine and felt that the fast food chains did not offer much variety to suit their palate. The Chinese preferred the traditional culture of food and drink complete with colour, fragrance, flavour, and variety. To make matters worse, they also faced intense competition by its biggest rival Yum Brands i.e. KFC. Not only did McDonalds have the difficult task of adapting their business to the Chinese culture and way of life; they also had to fend off their competitors. This meant finding other ways to compete against them and attract customers by changing their product range, style and advertising. Hofstedes Cultural Dimensions: China and The United States: One of the most popular works in the study of culture is that of Geert Hofstedes (1984). Through his research and surveys he theorized that cultural and sociological differences between nations can be categorized and quantified, thereby allowing comparison of national cultures to take place. Hofstedes identified four cultural dimensions. These are: 1. Power Distance The dimension of power distance is about the extent to which power structures are hierarchical and reflect significant inequalities in power. Countries with large power distances exhibit wide inequalities in power, power that is often concentrated in relatively few hands in heavily centralized and hierarchical organizations. Individuals within such cultures view themselves as inherently unequal: subordinates are dependent on those higher up the hierarchy and accept the power of their superiors by virtue of their position in the hierarchy. All participants in the hierarchy expect their position within it to be clearly demarcated. China is considered as a large power distance country. In small power distance countries, individuals are more inclined to regard themselves as equals: rather than expecting to be told what to do, subordinates expect to be consulted and will argue a case with those higher up the organization. Respect for individuals within the organization comes from their proven capacity to perform a role rather than from the possession of a particular job title or their place in an organization. Shorter small power distances coincide with flatter organization structures. The United States is considered a country with small power distance. 2. Uncertainty Avoidance Uncertainty avoidance measures the lack of tolerance for uncertainty and ambiguity. This manifests itself in high levels of anxiety and emotion. This in turn translates into a preference for highly structured formal rules and limited tolerance for groups and individuals demonstrating deviant ideas or behaviours. 3. Individualism vs. Collectivism The individualist-collectivist dimension measures the degree to which the interests of individuals or of the group take priority. The social framework in an individualistic society is looser than that of a more collectivist society and individuals take responsibility for themselves and their immediate as opposed to extended families. Individualist societies demonstrate a greater regard for individual rights and freedoms and tend to be characterized by assertiveness and competitiveness rather than by teamwork and cooperation. China is considered a country that is collectivist. In China, it is the group (which could be the extended family, the employer or the society as a whole) that looks after the interest of individuals and gives them their sense of identity. In return from this protection, individuals offer the group loyalty and work towards the attainment of goals determined by and for the good of the group, organization or society. The United States on the other hand is a highly individualistic society. 4. Masculinity Femininity Societies that place a high premium on assertiveness, achievement and the acquisition of material possessions are exhibiting aggressive or masculine goal behaviour. Masculine environments also favour conflict and competition in the workplace. Cultures that place a high value on social relationships, quality of life and sensitivity demonstrate passive or feminine goal behaviour. Cultures and workplaces scoring high on the femininity dimension exhibit high degrees of cooperation, negotiation and compromise. The United States can be considered as a masculine culture while China is leaning toward femininity. QUESTION SIX Where do you think the best opportunities for future growth lie for McDonalds? Why? Relations between the U.S. and China could be entering the realm of interesting times, but McDonalds seems undaunted. The fast-food giant recently announced plans to nearly double the number of Golden Arches locations in that highly coveted market. It comes as no surprise that American companies yearn for heated expansion in this populous nation. China has more than 1.3 billion people; one in five people on the planet live in China. Thats a lot of people who might want fries with that. Meanwhile, informal dining out in China is currently a $300 billion opportunity, and its expected to increase by 10% this year as the middle class in that country grows. An aggressive growth target for Chinese restaurants certainly looks like a good idea, given McDonalds 2010 plans to grow global revenue by 3% to 5%, and profit by 7% to 9%. In fact, China is the companys fastest-growing market in sales and income. As it stands now, China has 1,100 Mickey Ds. By the end of 2013, McDonalds plans to have planted 2,000 in the nation. China already represents 23% of revenue from the fast food giants Asia Pacific/Middle East/Africa segment. Lets look at McDonalds comparable-store sales by geographic region for the last several years (in constant currencies): MCD annual comparable-store sales 2009 2008 2007 Asia Pacific/Middle East/Africa 3.4% 9% 10.6% U.S. 2.6% 4% 4.5% Europe 5.2% 8.5% 7.6% *From company press releases and SEC filings. As you can see, in 2009 comps slowed down across the board, although admittedly, McDonalds faced tough comparisons in years past. Investors understandably get excited about U.S. companies that eye Chinese growth; one of the significant factors for the investment thesis for Yum Brands have been its presence in China, and its continued aggressive expansion. Last year alone, it opened more than 500 new restaurants there. Yum has more than 2,870 KFC outlets in China, and more than 450 Pizza Huts. You can see why McDonalds would be salivating to compete for some of that action. Of course, expanding into China is not without pitfalls. Although Starbucks is still waxing enthusiastic about its Chinese locations, its faced plenty of frustrating moments, including its 2007 retreat from the Forbidden City. Many U.S. companies have also had to navigate difficulties with the Chinese government and its policies, including Yahoo! and more recently Google. (www.fool.com, 2011) India may overtake China as the worlds fastest growing major economy by 2015, as the South Asian nation doubles infrastructure investment and adds six-fold more workers than its northern neighbour, Morgan Stanley said. Indias growth may accelerate to 9.5 percent between 2011 and 2015, Morgan Stanley economist Chetan Ahya said in an interview from Singapore today. Indias gross domestic product has expanded at an average 7.1 percent over the decade through the third quarter of 2009, compared with 9.1 percent in China, which surpassed Japan as the second-largest economy last quarter. (Bloomberg.com, 2011) India will surpass China, Japan and many other European countries in the current economic climate with their economic growth rate. It has one of the largest populations in the world. According to a survey by Bloomberg, the govt will invest millions of dollars to develop the countrys poor infrastructure. The creation of jobs in the manufacturing industry means that there will be an increase in consumer expenditure in the long term. McDonalds has great potential in reaching many more consumers in India because an injection of capital into the economy.

Vico, Giovanni Battista :: essays research papers fc

Vico, Giovanni Battista See also: Philosophy Biographies (jovà ¤n ´ne bà ¤t-te ´stà ¤ ve ´ko), 1668-1744, Italian philosopher and historian, also known as Giambattista Vico, b. Naples. In 1699, Vico became professor of rhetoric at the Univ. of Naples, and in 1734 he was appointed historiographer to the king of Naples. Vico is regarded by many as the first modern historian; he was the first to formulate a systematic method of historical research, and he developed a theory of history that was far in advance of his times. For Vico, history is the account of the birth and development of human societies and their institutions. He thus departed from previous systems of writing historyeither as the biographies of great men, or as the development of God's will. Opposing the antihistorical elements of the prevailing Cartesianism (see Descartes, Renà © ), he asserted that history is a valid object of human knowledge because man himself created history. Vico urged the study of language, mythology, and tradition as techniques for the investi gation of history. As a philosopher, Vico believed that every period in history had a distinct character, and that similar periods recur throughout history in the same order. He departed from the old cyclical theories of history, however, in asserting that these periods do not recur in exactly the same form, but are subject to the modifications that new circumstances and developments impose. Thus the historian can never be a prophet. Vico also wrote on law, affirming an innate human sense of justice and natural law. Vico's major theories were developed in his New Science(1725), which he revised completely (1730; 1744). Vico's work was little known in his own time, and his importance was not recognized until the 19th cent. Bibliography: See his autobiography (tr. by M. H. Finch and T. G. Bergin, 1944); G.