Human societies Essay

In understanding human beings and human societies, no subject is more important than social stratification and its relationship with wages. A system of social stratification helps shape how people live, their opportunities for a better life, their mental health and how long they will live. Generally it is a system of social stratification has an important influence on events like wages, unemployment and inflation. Most people know that some people are rich and some are poor, but people in general are usually not aware of the systematic social forces that create the outcome of where they are placed on the ladder or why they are paid what they are. Most believe they take what they get. This type of belief is strong among the nonpoor and white of the United States and in recent times with immigration. Employers of immigrants will pay less, even less than minimum wages because of that person is illegal. Most people are unaware of the fact that some individuals have more influence than others that can shape the general social welfare. Those people usually are the least aware of how a system of stratification forms the basis for these influences and this is a possible factor in why wages follows social stratification differences. To begin we need to define the difference between social differential and social stratification. Social differential is a necessary precondition for social stratification. Social differential is the distinct individual qualities and social roles. This is very important when looking at reasons for unequal pay in American Society. People are differentiated by biological characteristics such as sex, size, strength, and agility. In every society they are differentiated by social roles, work tasks, or occupations. Some people do the hunting others chop wood and others care for children or gather plants. As societies become more complex technologically, the division of labor increases the number of tasks, occupations, and roles will grow too. An increased division of labor means more differentiation. Several arguments for unequal pay include the differences between men and women as reasons. It stated that women live longer than men so they should be paid less to balance this out. Another said that women were more likely to have tardiness and absences which added to labor cost and in order to balance this out women are paid less. Health care and medical insurance costs needs to become more balanced because women live longer and can become pregnant life (Barber, 1957). Social inequality is the condition that people have unequal access to valued resources, services and positions in the society. Such inequality can come in terms of wages and how individuals or groups are themselves ranked and evaluated by others most importantly; social inequality in wages is related to differing positions in a social structure. Social inequality often rises from social differentiation for two reasons. First because of the human capacity to apply meaning to events and things and to develop judgment of what is good or bad, social evaluation is often applied to differences. This could explain why the wages are unequal across the board. Individual characteristics and different positions or roles may be valued unequally or ranked from superior to inferior that is why social inequality is looked at in terms of prestige or honor for more pay. Inequality may rise from social differentiation because of some roles or social positions place some people in a position to acquire a greater share of valued goods, services and pay (Giddins & Held, 1982). Two of the most important types of inequality are inequalities of income and wealth. These two are of major importance because it is income and wealth that bring other valued goods and services, not to mention the basic necessities of life. Income and wealth are generalized commodities that depending upon the quantity and how they are used by bring power and influence. By income I mean money, wages and payments that are timely made and received as returns from a job or investment. Income is usually the means by which most Americans obtain the necessities and simple luxuries of life. A wage or salary, rather than investments, is what sustains the vast majority of people in this country. Wealth is accumulated assets in the form of various types of valued goods. Wealth is anything of economic value that is bought and sold. Most Americans have little or no wealth, whatever they have gotten in the form of wages and salaries cannot be saved because it must be used for immediate necessities. Income is distributed in a highly unequal manner in this country, but wealth is distributed even more unevenly (Liao, 2006). The majority of people in this country must depend upon some type of employment for their income and the occupational structure is of primary importance in creating this unequal distribution of income. Part of the inequity between men and women is due to simple sexism. The standard of living and real income of people in the United States have generally increased over the years. But the distribution of total income has remained stable since the middle 1940’s. There is data showing that income inequality was reduced somewhat during the 1930’s and early 1940’s due to Depression reforms and full employment during World War II. Among noncommunist industrial nations the United States can generally be ranked about midway in terms of income inequality. France is the highest amount of income inequality(Barber, 1957). The most commonly recognized class inequality is income. The usual assumption is that working class people receive below average incomes, the middle class receives average incomes, and the upper middle class professionals and managers receive above average to high incomes. The more traditional assumptions about class income inequalities are much closer to the truth. This is the belief that working class people have made substantial income gains relative to the middle class is incorrect because of two facts. That high working class incomes are not your typical income and also that even though some blue collar workers pay is high it is usually because of it being seasonal or insecure (Giddins & Held, 2006). There is no simple explanation between income and class position because of the many variables that help determine income attainment. The first problem has been that in the past occupational status or occupational skill level alone was assumed to indicate class position. There is no argument that much of the income inequality between men and women or whites and minorities can be explained by the historical conditions of racism and sexism in our society. But much of this race and sex discrimination operates through the established class system. Income inequality in general is related to positions within authority structures. So if we find sex and race differences in relation to these other factors affecting income inequality in general we have located other sources of sex and race inequality operating through the class system (Hulme & Toye, 2006). The main point is that race and sex income inequality is explained by class, although racism and sexism do play a part. Race and sex inequality are in large part class issues and operate through class divisions made up of occupational, authority, and property divisions in the overall system of stratification in this country. As with income the condition of work is stratified. Those on top are generally better off, while those in the middle can look down upon those at the bottom with a feeling that their own condition could be worse. Income inequalities, job satisfaction, conditions of work, and different amounts of political and economic power are the most important consequences of class in the United States (Rimashevskaia & Kislitsyna, 2006). A central belief in the conflict perspective of social stratification is that groups with strong common interests will work together to ensure that these common interests are attained and maintained. This is true for groups on the bottom as well as for those on top. But this is only true to the extent that a group with common interests is able to recognize its common interests, and has resources with which to gain it common interest. Those on the top of the stratification system are usually able to have both of what was mentioned. But those that are below the top are usually powerless, passive or non participants in the conflict process of reward distribution in the society (Barber, 1957). The global view of social stratification shows that it is in many ways similar to domestic systems of stratification. There are some differenced between the two types of systems. For one the phenomenon of nationalism can produce less international class unity and more of an overt class conflict between the core and the outside. It is more difficult to maintain the world stratification system through ideological justifications because of cultural differences and communication differences. But it can be seen as a property structure and occupational division of labor that stretches around the globe that isn’t related to bureaucratic authority structures. One should note that it isn’t the differences domestically and globally on social stratification it is the similarities that are surprising (Hulme & Toye, 2006). Works Cited: Barber, Bernard. Social Stratification a Comparative Analysis of Structure and Process, New York: Harcourt, (1957). Giddins, Anthony & Held, David. Classes, Power and Conflict: Classical and Contemporary debates. Berkeley: University of California Press, (1982). Hulme, David, & Toye, John. â€Å"The Case for Cross Disciplinary Social Science Research on Poverty, Inequality and well being. † Journal of Development Studies 42. 7 (October 2006): 1085-1107. Liao, Tim. â€Å"Measuring and Analyzing class Inequality with the Gini Index Informed by Model-Based Clustering. † Sociological Methodology 36. 1 (2006): 201-224. Rimashevskaia, N. M. & Kislitsyna, O. A. â€Å"Income Inequality and Health. † Sociological Research 45. 3 (May/June, 1006): 43-62.

Sonnets from the Portuguese

The poem by Elizabeth Barrett Browning, â€Å"How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways† is a list of love. It is possible the most famous of her poems and is part of the collection from Sonnets from the Portuguese. These poems are all based from rhyming schemes from Portuguese poems (Holloway 2008). The poem itself is like a list, describing the extent of that love by comparing it to other emotions and settings. The use of sound is extremely important as the poem is not a rhyming poem but similar sounds are used.It is these sounds and words that create a mood, atmosphere or picture to display love as more than an abstract felling but into a vision. Words paint a picture of love. It manages to paint a picture of love and compare it to other feats of strength, such as â€Å"as men strive for right†. â€Å"Striving for right† is a very powerful concept as the struggle to do right is challenging and fraught with perils. Many times the person will not succeed in that â€Å"right† on the first try but will succeed with hard work and perseverance.This can be just like a form of love, a lasting love that grows with hard work. Other very strong images are used to portray love. Imagine all of your smiles and tears and condense all of the feelings that caused those smiles and tears from a lifetime into one felling, love. It is almost overwhelming to imagine. The sounds used in the poem also paint a picture as a lot of fricative consonants are utilized. Fricative consonant, f, v, the th in the, the th in length, s, z, the ch in check, the g in beige, and h are formed by having a slight air flow restriction in your throat.These consonants use air in the sound and are much softer sounding or muffled compared to other consonants like stop plosives or hard consonants (Wall, J. , et al. 1990). The key words in the text, love, thee, depth, breadth, height, soul, reach, sight, sun, candle-light, freely, strive, right, passion, faith, smiles, life, dea th all use fricative consonants. The use of similar vowels in these words, like light, height, sight, candle-light etc also help to produce a natural flow to the lines.It does not produce a rhythm such that is used with iambic pentameter but it does create a style unto itself. The sounds, such as fricative consonants as well as the repetitive vowel use produce a gentle sounds that are also mirrored in some of the presented text. Yes the poem itself portrays a very intense and consuming love, a love to last lifetimes, but the words and sounds also produce a gentle love, one that you can wrap around yourself almost like a favorite childhood blanket.The words, quiet, candle-light, Grace, and faith produce a softer picture, almost like looking at a photo that might be slightly out of focus. The form of this poem and rhyming used, which result sin the same vowel comb9inations is most likely due to Portuguese poems as it was found that most of the poems in Sonnets from the Portuguese were based off of Portuguese rhyming schemes (Holloway 2008). It would be most interesting to see which scheme this poem was based off of and how close the vowel sounds are related.It is quite clear that the author thought very closely about the language and words used in the poem. The use of words with softer sounds as well as repetitive vowels make the poem lovely to speak as well as painting a beautiful feeling of love, using sounds and descriptions of intense emotions. It is a beautiful intense poem. If it was written for a specific person than I hope that individual was able to appreciate this love as the poem very clearly explains the intensity of that love.This love can be romantic, for your family or friend. No matter what the love it is clear that it is very powerful as love always is. References: Holloway, J. B. , Aureo Annello association, The Elizabeth Barrett Browning Website, 1997-2008, http://www. florin. ms/ebbwebsite. html, accessed June 10, 2008 Wall, J. , Caldwell, R. , Gavilanes, T. , and Allen, S. , Diction for Singers, A Concise Reference for English, Italian, Latin, German, French and Spanish Pronunciation, PSt, 1990

Machine Essay

Society is in all shapes and forms a lie. Consumerism drives our economy, our government, and our lives. As a people we are amazed and enthralled by the new technology that has become available to us in recent years. From smart phones to 3-d televisions we have it all, technology may as well be an extention of our bodies at this rate, it is creeping in. The speed at which technology has developped is impressive to say the least, we are able to make the blind see, the def hear, or the mute able speak. Computers have connected the world, opening a wealth of information to anyone witch access. With the annoucement of a new wearable computer called â€Å"Google Glass† we have taken a step forward into the cyborg age, not only that but we have taken a step into the what will be known as Surveillance States. We have given the oppurtunity to the government to control us even further. There are many positive and negative developments that come with the age of information, like the ease of accesing information from anywhere, to constantly being watched by our government or even to the militirization of these technologies. How could this affect our lives today, and more importantly tomorrow? Mann is an innovator, a man who excels in the field of technology. He had created a portable CD player before they were officially marketed, in time he began working on a portable computer that would allow him to access any of the information he needed. He even created a program that would replace ads on bilboards with things he felt were more important, and that he wanted to see. Some may wonder when this technology may be available but the fact of the matter is, it is available. It is all around us, Mann began experimenting with portability and computer in 1987. It is now the year 2013, and the technology has developped at an exponential rate, with the release of Google Glass we will be able to live the way Mann lived, replacing ads we dont want to see with other things that interest us. Another thing this technology will allow us to accomplish is having a better understanding of dissabilities, and how we can â€Å"correct† them; that is to say giving a blind individual the ability of sight. We’ve had the technologies to accomplish these feats for some time, but is only until now that we have seen them begin to surface. Not everything about these technological advancements are good, although they may seem that way we must always think about the way this tech can change our lives, potentially for the worst. With the route government is taking these technologies might end up being used against us, inventions like Google Glass will permit the government to have 24/7 surveillance of everything we do. Countries have slowly been turning into Surveillance states, all illusions of privacy are slowly being taken away and we are doing nothing to change this. The population has been made docile, we sit at home on computers and walk around with phone in hand while the world around us closes in; slowly suffocating us until we can no longer catch our breath. Soon enough all of this technology will be implemented into our bodies, turning us into, basically, cyborgs. Can we expect to live life like Mr. Roboto, becoming the â€Å"modern man†. Imagine seeing Robocop prowling the streets for miscreants while we all access our own personal â€Å"HUD† the song that is playing. These are the things we can come to expect, along with a number of severe problems; cyber terrorism, iruss, trojan horses, â€Å"key stroke† programs (that is to say, in this context, a program able to acces your mind and watch everything you do). How will these issues be resolved is a mystery as it is nearly impossible to eradicate and keep up with the number of programs that are being made even today. Will the human race become â€Å"more machine than man†? Can we still consider ourselves human if we are made up of more computer and metal then we are of flesh? How will we experience life differenty? Do we really want to take this direction with technologie, considering the repercussions of such an act and the sacrifice involved? It may be safe to say that we may be going too far. Although the technological advancements we are creating are phenomenal we cannot expect them to be used to only improve our lives; it is a well known fact that the human race is a self-destructive creature, and seems to be addicted to finding new and more efficient ways to kill eachother. That being said the technological era we are moving into brings a great many benefits to society, and to the army. The militirization of these innovations will be inevitable. This can be both seen as good and bad, depending on your point of view. War often incites change and pumps up the economy, although with these technologies we will be experiencing a different kind of war, one that could quite possibly affect us all. What will happen to these technologies in the coming years is somewhat of a mystery, perhaps â€Å"Johny Mnemonic† will be the world of tomorrow, those who chose to augment themselves versus those who did not. This technology brings a number of opportunities to better our lives, we will be able to improve our life span and cure more illness and disease, amputees will be able to live normally and those with ental dissabilities may be â€Å"cured† with the use of microchips. With the direction we are taking concerning technology we will have to come to expect that the government will take advantage of these technologies, with profit in mind, and it is very likelly that the uneven distribution of wealth and power will be easily distinguishable in the world of tomorrow. It is impossible to know exactly what the future holds and so we must simply do what we can today, to ensure that tomorrow is the way we want it too be. With that said, how far away are we from being able to see into the future?

Housing for People with Special Needs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Housing for People with Special Needs - Essay Example The essay "Housing for People with Special Needs" summarizes the different areas of affordable housings especially associated with the low-income households. The areas covered include special housing needs of elderly and disabled households, discriminatory behaviors and the fair housing programs, home ownership, and income integration. In the real estate and mortgage market of US, the discriminatory behavior has been convicted as illegal by the federal government at all levels. Certain legislations have been made in this regard which demonstrates the illegality of the discriminatory practices in the real estate and the mortgage market including Supreme Court decision of 1948, Fair Housing Act of 1964 and lastly, the Community Reinvestment Act of 1977. With the passage of time, most of the kinds of discriminatory patterns and behaviors in these markets are declared as illegal after enforcement of such legislation by the federal government. The enforcement of fair-housing legislation although has remained inconsistent such that discriminatory behaviors have not been total disappeared, yet there is evidence which shows a real progress in this regard. The evidence reveals that in the real estate housing market, there has been a significant reduction in the discriminatory behavior in relation to house purchasing and renting in the 1990s. Similar kinds of evidence are found in the mortgage market, where the Whites are left way behind than Blacks and Hispanics in relation to home-purchase.

Continous personal development in my place of work Essay

Continous personal development in my place of work - Essay Example However, regardless of the personality the prison staff has, they have been subjected, and made to adapt, to changing circumstances in the past few years. From the working role of prison staff as depicted by Woolf to the new role of bringing about a balance and accomplishment of a constructive, aberrant behaviour work with prisoners, prison staff members are facing a dire need for continued professional development (Liebling, Price & Schefer 2011). The changing times have shifted the focus of prison roles from delivery of justice and fairness to better management of the attitude of the prisoners. Better and improved theoretical and practical models have been developed for achieving this managerial role. Power culture, role culture and person culture have all seen significant changes in the past years (Harper 1997). Moreover the advent of new technology and changes in the architectural design of the prisons, coupled with innovations in the operating framework of organizations and grea ter external monitoring of the position and utility of prisons, have widened the scope of the responsibilities prison staff are required to meet (O'Toole & Eyland 2005). This has implications for prison staff. According to Boyatzis, Cowen and Kolb (1995), educators are not in touch with learning anymore. They give out information that they have and which helps to achieve the expected results. Educators today have become intertwined in the business of giving out information rather than being proactive in learning. The changing times have served to highlight this deficiency. This is evidenced by the fact that people working at the prison are now demanding better training programs and greater opportunities to further their skills. This serves to highlight the need for any individual working at the prison to indulge in a continuous process of professional development in order to satisfy the demands of the modern era. Before scrutinizing the professional development I, being an employee at the prison, can undergo, I will revisit the models of professional development. These models will be reviewed and linked to how they apply to my place of work i.e. the prison. Generally speaking, professional development entails to the concept of improving one’s personal self as well as bringing about advancement in one’s career. It encompasses a range of initiatives undertaken by the individual such as diplomas, workshops and conferences, training and other informal means of learning offered at the place of work. One of the essentials of professional development is the evaluation of one’s progress and how aligned the process is to the goals. The programs undertaken can be formal or informal, and group-led or individual. Keeping the need for professional development into consideration, Sparks and Loucks-Horsley (1989) have cited five models for staff development. Often people follow a combination of these models to advance professionally. Before evaluating on eself through these models, one needs to answer the question that what is needed to become a better educator. Analyzing all professional development models keeping this question in context, I believe I can chart out a comprehensive continued professional development process. The first model of professional development pertains to individually guided development. It is a natural phenomenon for a person to be curious. Curiosity is a great teacher and

Domestic Terrorism Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Domestic Terrorism Midterm - Essay Example While the statement by the FBI is not explicit, it is implied that the target must be a US policy, institution, or political movement, and the act must be violent, though the definition of violent may be vague and ambiguous. Domestic terrorism may be directed either from above or from below. Terrorism from above is carried out by a government or institution that has some legitimate authority. It may be done covertly, where the terrorism is carried on outside formal policy. As an example, the 'Dirty War' in Argentina that utilized death squads was covert terrorism from above (Vohrkyzek, Olson-Raymer, and Whamond, 2001, p.13). It may also be overt as in the case of the Hutu's policy of genocide in Rwanda (Vohrkyzek, Olson-Raymer, and Whamond, 2001, p.13). Domestic terrorism from below is when a group or individual within a country targets a legitimate institution as a means to draw attention to, or change, an official policy. Environmental activists such as the Environmental Liberation Front (ELF) are guilty of domestic terrorism from below. Mao, Guevera, Marighella, and Fanon were not defined as terrorists during their time of activity. History has rewritten the definition of terrorism and they now fall under the new definition. However, initially all these figures were guerilla leaders, which are differentiated from terrorists. Guerilla warfare is different from terrorism in that it is an organized force that believes it has legitimacy due to popular support. In addition, it strikes at government and military targets as a means to overthrow a government. However, these leaders differed in that Marighella believed that random violence could create chaos and an environment for revolution, while Mao and Fanon believed it should not be used against the native population. Guevera was more of a classic guerrilla fighter. Guerrillas represent a political movement, while terrorism supports an ideological agenda. However, both aspects promote violence as a means to an end. Once in power both Mao and Castro utilized violence an d terrorism from above as a means to sustain power and oppress the opposition. More recently the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) has been similar to the previous revolutionary organizations. They have some legitimacy by way of recognition as supporting a significant group of oppressed people. In addition, they have a well organized military faction. Their agenda has been the creation of a Palestinian State, though they have used terrorism to promote their goals. They have targeted innocent people, used suicide tactics, and even acted against their own citizens. All of these rebels and organizations have their roots in revolution, but have resorted to terrorism to further their goals. For the PLO and others, this is counter-productive, as the stigma of being a terrorist organization is a costly price in today's environment. 3.) Historical Terrorism It could be argued that the actions of the US settlers against the native population was terrorism from above. In this context, terrorism from above has existed in the US since the first Europeans arrived. It has also been argued that slavery was terrorism from above (Vohrkyzek, Olson-Raymer, and Whamond, 2001, p.36).

Change Management Plan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Change Management Plan - Research Paper Example Moreover, they may also pair the resistive employees with the cooperative ones who have adapted the change. This will go a long way in helping all the employees realize that the changes lead to positive outcomes. To guarantee that the changes succeed, the managers can set up some achievable goals (Jackson, Schuler, Werner, & Jackson, 2009). In order for the firm to come up with a system, which enables all employees to use one system, Riordan Manufacturing implemented a plan that included all the changes required to create the customer management system. The plan implementation is always the hardest part. Therefore, to ensure effectiveness, the plan entails monitoring and adequate evaluation. Within 12 months, an open communication strategy could be applied. The open communication strategy involves employees sharing their ideas, feedback and criticism. All the employees, regardless of their level or position, will feel like they are part of the decision-making concerning the necessary changes. By involving employees, this normally augments their satisfaction as well as ensuring success of the plan. For this strategy to be a success, employees have to feel free and safe to share their ideas as well as opinions. Effective communication is the key to reducing employee resistance to change (Samson & Bevington, 2012). An evaluation plan involves documenting the evaluation and monitoring details of the customer information system and varied improvements required following the results. The plan will ensure that all parties involved understand changes and assist in the facilitation of a smooth transaction. A continuous monitoring of the system will evaluate its effectiveness. This is achievable by several outcomes including measuring customer satisfaction, employees’ morale and evaluating financial statements (Phillips, Phillips & ZuÃŒ nÃŒÆ'iga, 2013). All plants will conduct frequent meetings to update the employees on the

Foreign Investment Disputes Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Foreign Investment Disputes - Research Paper Example For the last two decades, increased technological and liberalization advances have resulted into increased growth in the flow of FDI. This means that FDI gained in share of domestic investment and GDP in many countries. It is done for numerous reasons that involve taking advantage of low cost wages or for exceptional investment privileges like rewards to obtain a link that is tariff-free towards the countries markets or the regional market through the use of tax holidays granted to the company. There are a several ad hoc arbitral rules and two arbitral institutions responsible for most of the arbitrated foreign investment disputes. The ICSID is the arbitral institution, which specifically deals with international investment disputes. The ICSID specifically deals with investment disputes. It has unique advantages. As an arbitrary institution, ICSID is an affiliate of foremost international lending institution and a division of world bank. It is enjoys the advantage of perception, where it is perceived that countries would always comply with the obligations of ICSID. ICSID is supported by the ICSID Convention, which is a multilateral treaty. This way, any violation an obligation of the ICSID is regarded as a treaty violation hence a violation of the international law. The ICSID center is responsible for administering three types of procedures: conciliation, binding arbitration and a fact finding procedure. The ICSID Convention states that whenever an arbitration procedure is adhered to, ICSID should be made an exclusive forum for any kind of dispute that is submitted to it. The annulment procedure that is provided before its second tribunal, is the recourse only against the ICSID award and no appeal regarding an award may be taken to any national court. Further, it provides that the host country can only enforce a final ICSID award but not any country, which is a party to ICSID convention. The ICSID Convention has special jurisdiction

Major American employment-related laws and regulations Case Study

Major American employment-related laws and regulations - Case Study Example Harassment in the workplace is any form of discrimination that violates Age discrimination in employment Act 1967, American with Disabilities Act of 1990, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Equal Pay Act of 1963, Pregnancy Discrimination Act and other regulations that aim at prohibiting harassment in workplace (Hemphill & Haines, 1997). Covey (2007) asserts that harassment is unwelcome conduct that is based on color, race, religion, sex, national origin, pregnancy, disability or age and leads to discrimination and unequal opportunities in employment matters. Harassment is outlawed when enduring the offensive conduct is a condition for employment or when the conduct creates a hostile work environment that is considered as intimidating, abusive and hostile to the employee (United States Department of Labor, 2013). Sexual harassment in the workplace includes ‘quid pro quo’ harassment that occurs when employment decisions or treatment is based on submission to unwelc ome sexual conduct or hostile work environment that leads to unwelcome sexual conduct of customers, supervisors, and contractors (Dale, 2005). Some behaviors that perpetuate unlawful sexual environment include commenting on the physical attributes of the employee, unnecessary touching, discussing sexual activities and displaying of sexually suggestive pictures.   In this case, the Department of Labor (DOL) policy prohibits all forms of harassment in the workplace and the employer must implement a harassment policy. that facilitates reporting and investigation of instances of the unlawful behaviors that contribute to harassment (LeMoncheck & Hajdin, 1997). Harassment hinders employee productivity through increased turnover and absenteeism. In addition, harassment negatively affects the organizational reputation and may lead to costly legal suits (Weizer, 2002). Pamodoro Ltd must ensure the workplace is free from any materials that are sexually offensive such as graffiti and nude po sters. The management must implement a strong anti-harassment policy and provide training to the employees, customers and suppliers. The policy must prohibit sexual jokes, comments on person’s body or sex life, sexually demeaning comments, sexually suggestive gifts, touching or patting in a sexual manner, or blocking a co-workers movement (Badgett & Frank, 2007). According to U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (2013), the management must pr

Music Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Music - Essay Example The music was an integral part of the everyday living needs within the region. This was combined with songs which have been recorded by those who have visited the tribes to note the forms taken. The meanings within the songs were noted by the daily activities as well as spiritual rituals and traditions which were able to express the lifestyle and the culture of the Yakima tribe and the association with the occurrences which were a part of the time frame. The unique concepts associated with the Yakima culture not only come from the attributes of the music played. The Washing State region is one which has unique attributes to the tribes, specifically because it is where the five nations began to meet and the tribes began to unite. This was also noted because the tribe was located at the point in which Washington naturally divided, leading to the nation being attributed as the people of the gap. The influences which occurred with the music were altered because of the position of the Native Americans in relation to others that were on the land as well as the association which this had with trading ideologies and creating music that was able to build a sense of peace between the nations. The main concept was one which led to music such as greeting songs which signified a known sound when meeting tribes and others passing through the region at different times. The type of music which was attributed to the Yakima culture also formed with both secular and sacred forms that were performed during ceremonies. An example of the secular music is known as the â€Å"Owl Dance.† This consists of drum beats and singing that lead the song. The men and women are able to recognize the Owl Dance by the initial drumming and singing, which leads to the formation of a circle. The men and women are then able to interact and chose partners, specifically which is identified with different parts of the dance as women and couples interchange while the music changes with beat and portions of the song. These attributes worked to combine the social culture with the dancing as well as the meaning within the music. Similar concepts were used with the secular, specifically in which the singing, drumming and other interactions were used to summon the spiritual nature of the tribes and the ideologies which were needed at the time. The basis of the Yakima culture with the secular and sacred music as well as the music used to intertwine cultures is one which is still practiced today. However, there are also changes from the Western influences and capacities which are available. Many are using the concepts of recording to improvise the songs used within the tribe and to alter the way in which the music has been approached. The music has been combined with new ideals that are used with the secular music as well as contemporary bands that continue to use the same instrumentation and sound while changing both the sacred and secular music. These alterations are creating different aspects to the music while building different ideologies that are associated with the main culture and the aspects of the music. While the evolution of the tribe continues to evolve, there is still the same sense of meaning with the sacred and secular music as well as the way in which the music is initiated for the tribes in the Washington area (Schuster, 1990). Women's M usic The concept of women’s music is one of the trends which continues to emerge in society and has created a distinct image outside of the regular scenes with music. In Western cultures and in classical forms, women were not recognized as composers and weren’t expected to study or build their own repertoire as professional musicians. The lack of information and the amount of suppression for women to be recognized as com

Econ 4020 reaction paper 10-11 Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Econ 4020 reaction 10-11 - Term Paper Example It means that the economy flourishes at first and then it falls suddenly. Therefore, boom and bust cycle is realized (Koo, 2003). The only way to get out of a recession is through a sustained public sector spending. It can be attained through the use of monetary policy, fiscal policies, government increasing spending and reduction of taxes. Monetary policies such as increasing interest rates of borrowing will deter private investors from borrowing. They will rather use their savings to finance investment. In the process, the more money will be released into the economy, thus, more money will circulate in the market. Therefore, this will bring down the rate of inflation and spark economic growth. Government spending should be increased for the economy to grow again. The government should service Treasury bond and initial public offers so that its citizens can gain capital to reinvest. By doing this, borrowings by citizens will reduce. As a result, private sector debt will reduce drastically, mainly because the investors will be able to repay their debt. Reduction of taxes will help a great deal in tackling a re cession. In doing this, the capital of the investors will increase. Therefore, the economy will grow since the spending power of the citizens has been

Ohio Public School Funding Essay Example for Free

Ohio Public School Funding Essay Ohio public school funding is complicated. Funding of public schools in Ohio is trough states combination i. e. federal government contributing about 6 percent, Ohio state 44 percent while the local tax account to more than 50 percent. The formulas for school funding are provided by the state and this determines the amount that is received by each district. As a result more wealthy districts often raise more amounts than less wealthy districts. On the other hand the state set up the guaranteed amount that each district is supposed to raise and these amounts are not based on the actual expenses that are used to fund the schools (Brandt, 2003). The delegation of responsibilities of funding to local districts and heavy reliance on property tax in Ohio, have contributed to inequalities for school children across the country From the time the first decision was released in 1997, there have been substantial benefits, although the decisions from the Supreme Court have not been enforced. In this regard this paper will focus on the system of school funding in Ohio State and how the public and supreme court has responded to the system. In addition the paper will focus on the current plans of funding, Ohio school expenditure and potential solution to the system (Brandt, 2003). Public school funding in Ohio The system of funding of public schools relies much on local districts property tax and this has resulted to big differences since the system depends on the amount of money the district is able to raise. The system has caused problems for the poor suburban, rural and even urban schools. For example, in 2003, Coshocton County raised only 7,529 US dollars while Cuyahoga County was able to raise 17,735 US dollars of school funding from the property taxes and state. There are inequalities and some public schools use Xeroxed copies or outdated textbooks. Some of the buildings in which the school children attend their classes have been condemned. Other school struggle to raise money to cater for basic needs such as paying school librarian. Some individual say that the problem is due to lack of care that is exhibited by poor schools. However, considering the efforts people make ion paying tax, individuals in poor districts contribute large portion of money that they have but they are not in a position to raise as much money as the wealthy districts. In addition wealthy districts have valuable properties that fetch a lot of money as compared to poor districts. The state of Ohio spends a large portion of its tax on private schools. These private schools that are owned by private companies aims at making profits and do not care a bout the local tax payers. In Ohio when the value of the properties increases the state decrease it’s funding. The states assume that the tax from the properties is directed to school funds. On the other hand public schools do not realize increase of funding since local taxes are normally fixed at the property value at time of last levy. Due to the gross inequalities DeRolph Dale, along with several district schools filed a case against Ohio State in 1991, and stated that the system of funding that is used in the country is unconstitutional. The supreme court of Ohio State began to investigate this system and resulted to establishment of major decisions of the Supreme Court. In 2001, the Supreme Court declared the system as unconstitutional, and directed the general assembly to provide solution (Walker, 2005). Since that time Supreme Court made ruling on the funding system the state has responded by establishing numerous legislations in order to solve the problems of the funding system. However, the problems in funding system still exist and the state has been unable to solve them. When the first decision of Supreme Court was released in 1997, the senate president said that the Supreme Court cannot enforce its rules. In 2001, the president said that Ohio State has no money and therefore Supreme Court has problems (Phillis, n. d). On the other hand following the ruling of Supreme Court there is a great dramatic impact in the funding of public schools in Ohio and many public schools are being constructed and the existing schools renovated. Before 1997 the state did not have priorities to support public schools. In 1997 the decision of DeRolph I influenced the state to support public schools and since then it have provided more than five million US dollars. Capital appropriation in the state of Ohio since 1997 for school facilities is as shown below.

Frank Wedekinds Lulu: An Analysis

Frank Wedekinds Lulu: An Analysis Discuss Frank Wedekinds Lulu in relation to its cultural and social context. Pay particular attention to the ways in which the play challenges and/or perpetuates certain assumptions concerning gender and sexuality; include a discussion of the plays relevance to our contemporary context. This essay will be exploring and discussing the character of Lulu in Frank Wedekinds play of the same name. It will delve into the relationship that Lulu has with the men and women of the late 1800s, as well as the challenges that women have experienced over the centuries having to deny their sexual appetite in a patriarchal world. There will be investigations into female oppression and gender status. Also one will be looking at the roles of fictional and factual Femmes Fatales throughout the ages, from those in story books to actual icons who have reached out to the world through modern media coverage. It will discuss whether being a sexually attractive woman is help or hindrance, is a woman a slave to mens desires or is it a tool that women use to live and lead the life that they wish? In research of the character of Lulu I read the introduction from the play Lulu adapted by Nicolas Wright and his insight to the character of Lulu and Frank Wedekinds method research by having sexual encounters with a number of prostitutes. Using this method Frank Wedekind created lulu, by taking different the qualities and flaws of the prostitutes he had met, women who are described as irresistible, some fearlessly honest, some devious, some manic, all doomed. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007:11) Nicolas Wright gives the impression in the introduction that Certainly he must have come across a woman who, at the age of five or so, was raped and prostituted by a man who may have been her father. This is exactly what had happened to Lulu, as Wedekind goes to some trouble to spell out. Is he saying that this hideous event has formed her life, thats its made her what she is as an adult? As a 19th-centery buck, he may not spot the connection. Yet his comments on women are full of insight, and the way the way lulu sexualises every relationship she enters into with a man seems very much part of damaged- child syndrome. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007:11) By reading Nicolas Wrights thoughts on how the character of Lulu is an abused child and is a damaged soul and as a character has a very warped view of what is acceptable and what is normal in a relationship. Due to the impression of her childhood raised by a man who is said to be her father who is insinuated in the play they had an inappropriate relationship. This is apparent in Act 4. She asks Schigolch to kill Rodrigo (an acrobat who is blackmailing lulu) for her. Lulu: what do you want? Dont ask too much. Schigolch: well, now. if you ever felt nostalgic for our old arrangement.. Lulu: oh god..! Schigolch: Why not? Lulu: Im .changed. Im not a child any more. Schigolch: what do see when you look at me now? Some aged monster? Lulu; but youve already got a mistress. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007: Act 4:94) Lulu from a young age was passed around like a toy for mens enjoyment. This information reflects that Lulu is always looking for someone to look after her, and the security which comes with marriage, as she has never had that as a child. Now as an adult Lulu can only rely on her exceptional beauty and the fact all men from different status are drawn to her. This in turn empowers her to manipulate the men in her life, to bend to her every whim while the man still thinks he is in control. But in return by becoming what the man wants from her Lulu is able to enchant them by targeting their weaknesses and getting what she may want in that times before her eyes start to wonder again. This is more apparent when she marries for the second time, Eduard Schwarz. In this relationship she is the one who is control and she doesnt like this as she has nothing to manipulate him with, so it is my belief this is the reason she begins an affair with Dr Franz Schoning. This marriage to Schwarz seems t o be a healthy relationship and very comfortable life style, and which by Lulu entering into this affair with Schoning makes me wonder that Lulu is not wanting a loving family and the security of being married, she wants some danger and excitement to her life, and to me this selfish attitude which many women from her background would kill for makes me think what does Lulu really want? Its apparent she needs the security of marriage which is what society expects of women in her status and situation. But this isnt what lulu wants she is a healthy sexed woman with a natural sexual appetite which unfortunately was going against the society grain. Lulus character was ahead of the times as she was written in a time when women were repressed and had to marry for security. In a way that was most women in that era ambition was to marry well and above their station. In Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austin Mrs. Bennet was obsessed with finding husbands for her five daughters. The heroine of Pride of Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the complete opposite of Lulu. Whereas Elizabeth Bennet wants to marry for love, and disliked the idea of marrying just for security. When she was proposed by her cousin Mr Collins it takes him some time to understand that his proposal is being rejected by Elizabeth, in that time was quiet unheard of to actually refuse a proposal. Your portion is unhappily so small that it will be in all likelihood undo the effects of you loveliness and amiable qualifications. As I must therefore conclude that you are not serious in your rejection of me, I shall chuse to attribute it to your wish of increasing my love by suspense, according to the usual practice of elegant females. (Austin,1996:106) Even Jane Austen herself in 1802 accepted a marriage proposal from Harris Bigg-Wither, but she later changed her mind the next day. In all of her novels the heroine somehow ended in a suitable marriage with the man of their affections, yet she herself went on to becoming an old maid which was her choice but in this article it states that Austen never felt she had been presented with adequate choices: it was either get married or become a governess or a teacher. (http://www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php). Harris Bigg-Wither who after her death read her books more closely in trying to understand her refusal of him and came to conclusion that marriage didnt interest her, because in her novels she didnt include sexual passion, and also she would only write about the prelude to marriage in a platonic way. So does this mean that Austen felt that sexual tension in a marriage would be the downfall of a relationship that started without it and that was based on affection? I feel that Austen a women of the early 1800s who was expected to marry and was scared of sex and the complications that come with it, and thought marriage should be the product of two people in love and not a realistic and practical arrangement. She is quoted from a letter to her niece Anything is to be preferred or endured rather than marrying without Affection, (http://www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php). So in the early 1800s Jane Austen was changing the way women behaved towards marriage that being an old maid was the only acceptable life style if one wasnt inclined to marry. But by not marrying sparked rumours in the 1990s that Austen was in fact a lesbian and that was the real reason she didnt marry. This theory hasnt be proved or disproved, I think its an insult to any women if they choose not to marry that they are assumed be a lesbian. Even in todays society women are targeted and frowned upon if they choose to have a career over starting a family, which in my opinion it is a mans ego that is being injured by not being needed. Frank Wedekind went a different way his play Lulu by making her of sorts a high class prostitute and giving Lulu the looks and the skills to manipulate the men she wanted to pursue. In my opinion the reason why Lulu was shocking for the time it was written in is because, it was common thought that men were driven by their sexual desires and women had none. If Lulu was a man this play would be called Casanova. If the lead was a male it wouldnt be as shocking as the world would have heard of the antics of Giacomo Girolamo Casanova de Seingalt who had died 1798 who was renowned for a sexual predator of young women and a gambler. But Lulu wasnt a man but she was influenced by the men in her life, she tried to gain power by enslaving the men she wanted with her sexual desire. Another woman in fiction used the same skills in attain what information her pray had. Milady Clarick de Winter from The Three Musketeersa novelbyAlexandre Dumas. Milady Clarick de Winter was a teenager forced to enter the convent, but when she gets there she falls in love with a priest with who she escapes with. They leave the church with stolen property to fund their new life together, for which both of them get caught and were branded criminals with the fleur de liys. Then she appears in Athos village living with a man, and pretending to be his sister. When Athos, fell in love with her and married her. After some time together he finds the brand on her shoulder, saying she was a thief. Thinking she had married him only for his money which is not true, a heart-broken Athos tries to kill her by hanging her from a tree. But she survived. At the time the book is written, apparently it was acceptable to kill your wife if you found out she had committed a crime. Milady Clarick de Winter is a capable and beautiful spy, she is an example of a strong, independent woman with a tragic past, and filled with hate for men, she enjoys seduction and the destruction of men. The men she traps will provide her with support for a short period of time but will most likely to meet an untimely end if they learn of her past. Milady Clarick de Winter is remorseless for her countless crimes. In my opinion Lulu and Milady Clarick de Winter are femme fatales, and to achieve their hidden purpose, by using their feminine assets such as beauty, charm, and sexual allure. Both seem to be victims, caught in a situation from which they cannot escape; the connections between Milady Clarick de Winter and Lulu are uncanny having relationships ending in deadly consequences for the men they ensnare. Both Milady Clarick de Winter and Lulu have many names given or changed them through marriage. Dr Goll Lulus first husband in the play is in discussion with Dr Franz Schoning on their preferences on what they like to call her.With all these men renaming her is it any wonder that no-one knows the real Lulu? Does lulu exist anymore? I feel that there is such a power in a name, and by changing that aspect of a person they no longer exist. So by changing lulus name constantly she becomes a whole new person with a new personality over and over again, and is sculptured into whatever the man want s. Goll: You see I call her Popsy. Schoning: I thought Mignon suited her well. Goll: Mignon? No, Popsys better, from my personal point of view. I have a weakness for the incomplete . . . the immature . . . the innocent child in need of fatherly protection. (Wedekind/Wright, 2007:18) In the case of Milady Clarick de Winter she had to change her name as Athos, her first husband whom she loved deeply thought she was dead after hanging her from a tree, and for her own protection she changed it when she married Lord De Winter. With all these name changes is there wonder that these women manipulate men for their own gain. When its the man who has the power to change their names a moulding them into their puppets or to force them to change their name for protection. In the process stripping them of whom there are and who they could have been. Does society put the pressure on women to behave a certain way still? In a culture that is obsessed with the celebrity and the morbid fantasy of when things go wrong trying to find the information because even in death we as a society still want more. Marilyn Monroe was a beauty with curves; she was more than a 50s sex goddess. She dominated the age of movie stars to become the most famous woman of the 20th Century and still has a strong fan base growing 45 years after her death. She was born Norma Jeane Mortenson and never knew who her father and was baptized Norma Jeane Baker. Her mother was mentally ill and Norma Jeane had to spend most of her childhood in foster homes and orphanages until she moved in with family friend, but when she was 16 the family she was living with was going to move and couldnt take Norma Jeane with them. She had two options: return to the orphanage or get married.So even in the 1940s girls without family had two choices the state or marriage, she married a boy who she had been dating for 6 months. On being discovered by a photographer while helping towards the war effort in a factory, and from then on she became a model and Marilyn Monroe. But her marriage didnt survive her new found career. Then she soared to fame by landing film roles and various awards, but on the 5th august 1962 she died of a possible suicide. The events surrounding her death isthe most talked and debated conspiracy theories of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Many believe she was killed by order of the Kennedys and this was the belief of her second husband Joe DiMaggio and he died convinced the Kennedys were to blame, in an article about a book of his life written by his long term lawyer and friend Morris Engelberg. DiMaggio is to of expressed They murdered the one person I loved, DiMaggio confided to Mr Engelberg. (http://news.scotsman.com/marilynmonroe/Joe-DiMaggio-died-convinced-JFK.2401434.jp) These beliefs come from man who loved her very deeply and expressed that the men she was in a romantic relationship was the cause of her demise, and many of her fans believe that there are allot of unanswered questions connected with her death and I agree the masses there is too much information missing. She was at the mercy of very powerful men who wanted to keep her quiet and the scandal if she ever diverged in the information she knew. The allegations of the Kennedys being connected with her death has not been proved or disproved. Like Lulu, Marilyn Monroe was playing a very dangerous game by underestimating the power she had over men and the men in power. It is insinuated that Lulu was killed by Jack the Ripper an educated man who used his status to lure vulnerable prostitutes with his refinery and wealth, one the suspects was Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondalehe was grandson of Queen Victoria but this was neither proved or disproved. When doing my research the s imilarities between Lulu and Marilyn Monroe was very chilling both women were killed as the result of men, but for me the fact that Lulu is a fictional character based on the women Wedekind met on his sex romping with prostitutes and his character has so many similarities with the icon Monroe is disturbing that plight of women hasnt changed much in a hundred years and more. My aim in this essay was to Discuss Frank Wedekinds Lulu including the context and time it was written in, and if the female gender role has changed much in the time scale, by exploring other writers, and eventually looking at a modern day icon. I feel my discussion is in a very female point of view and Im sure that if this was written by a man it would have a very different angle and maybe I should have gotten a male opinion on the subject. Did Frank Wedekind write Lulu to shock society? Or to show that women of the 1800s were restricted my gender and status through text. When Frank Wedekind wrote Lulu I think he knew it would be shocking in his society as a sex tragedy but I dont think that knew that he had divulged so much into the way women were repressed by their gender and how certain sexual traumas can affect the way women as a gender enter a sexual relationship. Even today women use their sexual allure to get what they want or to influence a man into doing things for them. Im my opinion women have been fighting for the right to be equal with men but yet we as a sex still choose to use our beauty to get what we want and is that because from a young age society and story books use the stereotype of the woman is at home with the children and the man makes a living and supports his family. The times have changed and as a culture we have accepted same sex marriage, same sex adoption and a black president which I thought I would never see in my life time, but the life long battle of the sexes continues and I dont think this is going to end with any outcome which will be acceptable for either side. Lulu is a modern drama of sex. Its not a helpful story about gender roles or sexual politics, or even at heart a marriage play, as all four of her marriages end badly. Lulu is a ruthless test of the terrible destructive would be of a basic human drive, and of that favourite scapegoat for that destruction, the femme fatale. Bibliography Austen.J (1996) Pride And Prejudice, London, Penguin Group. http://news.scotsman.com/marilynmonroe/Joe-DiMaggio-died-convinced-JFK.2401434.jp http://www.sexualfables.com/spinster.php Wedekind.F/Wright.N (2007) Lulu, London: Nick Hern Books limited. Research Ascription of Identity: The Bild motif and the character of Lulu, Silvio Jose Dos Santos, The Journal of Musicology, Vol. 21, No.2 (spring 2004), pp. 267-308 http://www.marilynmonroe.com/ Masterpieces of French literature By Marilyn S. Severson Refraction of the Feminine: The Monstrous Transformations of Lulu, Karin Littau, MLN, Vol. 110, No. 4, Comparative Literature Issue (Sept., 1995), pp. 888-912 The Three MusketeersbyAlexandre Dumas

The Introdution To Food Industry Marketing Essay

The Introdution To Food Industry Marketing Essay Food is a basic need and food service industry will always continue in demand. This industry includes restaurants, fast foods, and cafeterias, catering opportunities, food carts, food trunks and the like. Filipinos love to eat. This love for food and eating is the major reason why the food industry has flourished well in the Philippines and why you will see a lot of restaurants and fast foods scattered all over the country. These fast foods and restaurants can be local or international. Filipino food is considered as a unique mixture of Eastern and Western cuisines that mirrors the history of the country. It includes plates and cooking procedures from countries like China, Spain, Mexico and the United States. Even although Filipino food has been influenced by Eastern and Western countries, what makes it unique is the history, the society that introduced and adapted it and the people who accepted it into their homes and restaurants. Filipinos are not just into good food but the total dining experience, good food is just a part of it. It is the way we feel when we are within a fast food or restaurant. How it feels to dinner out with family or friends or even when youre by yourself. When choosing a restaurant or a fast food, customers usually check for the cleanliness of the place, freshness of the food, watched over premises, enough parking area, the mood, design and land of the place, and for some restaurants, even the music. The physical and emotional response is a result of all these factors. These can make the whole dining experience level better. A recent study shows that due to economic crisis, customers or consumers think that when it comes to food shopping, preparing and dining. They are not for weight loss or just eating out at fancy restaurants but they choose what they eat for wellness. They want more nutrition for their money and are more conscious of it. INTRODUCTION OF FAST FOOD Fast food is food, which is ready and served quickly at outlets called fast-food restaurants. A restaurant is an organization that serves ready food and beverages on tables set for individuals, pair or bigger groups, to be consumed primarily on the location. Restaurants serve a wide variety of food at a particular cost given on its menu card for on or off the place consumption. These include eating establishments where consumers are served at walkup or make away ordering counters for either on or off building consumption. However, most good restaurant serve food at tables to their consumers for on-premises consumption. Many of the restaurant chains, have improved their annual sales many times over, well away from the limits of the tables they can served each day, by contribution hot well packed meals through free home delivery service on orders placed through a telephone call. It is multi-billion peso businesses that continue to grow up quickly in many countries. A fast-food restaurant is a restaurant characterized both by food which is supplied quickly after ordering, and by smallest service. The food in these restaurants is often cooked in mass in advance and reserved hot, or reheated to order. Many fast-food restaurants are part of restaurant chains or license operations, and standardized food are shipped to each restaurant from central locations. In todays world, going to a restaurant has more to do with socialize then to just having a snack. Only a few decades reverse restaurants were specially target families, which situation does not hold true today. Nowadays, even children; regularly eat out with their friends, on their own. Therefore, restaurants are not just about food of ambience. On a worldwide level, they are an important supplier to the economy while on personal levels it provides us with a place to easily connect with others. OBJECTIVES To set up an existence as  a successful local fast food outlets and get a market share in Philippiness fast food industry. To make FRHANP Fries  a destination spot for malls. To expand into a number of outlets by near years, and sell the franchise to neighboring metropolitan cities. Mission : Our main goal is to be one of the most successful fast food outlets in Philippines, starting with one retail outlet located inside a major shopping mall as a market tester. Our main focus will be serving high-quality food at a great value. COMPANY SUMMARY What is FRHANP Fries? FRHANP Fries sells  foodie fries in a cone  with a  choice of paste. We use the concept of Belgian Fries, where the fries are all made from fresh potatoes and fried twice. Our outlet also provides excellent and friendly customer service to support the ambience of fun, energetic and youthful lifestyle.   Youthful and fresh surroundings We will imitate  successful establishments, such as Jamba Juice and Starbucks, which represent the majority of our core target market, between 18 to 35 years of age. Our store will feature display cooking of our featured Fries from cutting to frying. Our customers will also be able to read our in-house brochures in regards to all knowledge about Fries and our featured sauces as well as other products like burgers and shakes. Our store will be decorated with fast food setting, such as a bright counter and display menu on the wall. Quality Food Each  store will  offer nothing but freshly fried Belgian fries, sandwiches, Burgers, Shakes and variety of unique blend sauces, all served with old-fashioned home-style care. Open Everyday Our store is open everyday from 10 am to 9 pm. Variety, variety, variety A different selection of burgers and sandwiches will be featured every three months and we will also change our Indian soda flavors and shakes to accompany our fries. Start-up Summary The retail outlet will be rented at one of the target location shopping malls. Our preference is Space A, for the main reason of reaching larger traffic. Startup requirements will be financed through owner investments. http://www.bplans.com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/images/3ea7e45235fa4bd5ad6f924765b00e74.png Start-up Requirements Start-up Expenses Rs. Kitchen and Fixtures 1144800 Furniture and Interior 874500 Legal 159000 Rent 795000 Packaging and Stationary 450500 Contingencies 222600 Total Start-up Expenses 3646400 Start-up Assets 0 Cash Required 2650000 Other Current Assets 0 Long-term Assets 0 Total Assets 2650000 Total Requirements 6296400 Products We want to focus only on selling fries. Alcoholic drinks will not be sold in our outlet, as FRHANP Fries promotes a healthy and positive Philippino lifestyle. Instead, we will offer Idian Soda and Sandwiches  to complement the fries. The dips for Belgian style fries can also be served with sandwiches, they  are available in more than 20 flavors: Pesto Mayo Traditional Sambal Satay pulp Korean BBQ Teriyaki pulp Hot Chili pulp Thai Chili Ketchup Garlic Dip Creamy Wasabi Mayo Roasted Pepper Mayo Lava Cheese Black Pepper pulp Curry Ketchup Barbecue Jalapeno Ketchup Caribbean Islands Competitive Comparison FARHANP Fries has several advantages over its leading competitors: We expect a high degree of enthusiasm and offer a fun store with friendly staff that reflects the companys youthful and energetic culture. Supporting merchandise items that support the companys brand building. Our fried potato is made 100% fresh, compared to most fast food outlets that use frozen fries. Our dipping pulp is also made fresh without preservatives. Our innovative packaging will be more entertaining than our competitors. Company Clean Value Merchandising Hang Out Simple Fresh Cool Pop Culture FAHANP yes yes yes yes yes Yes yes yes McDonalds Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes KFC Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No SubWay Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Sales Literature FARHANP Fries will use advertising and sales programs to get the word out to customers. 1500 color brochures to be distributed throughout destination shopping mall and facilities: in-store, cinemas, area eateries, information during the grand opening. Half page magazine reviews in Philippiness lifestyle magazines that advertise the presence of the outlet. Sourcing Fresh potatoes will be delivered weekly by our distributor directly from the India . We also have an agreement with  Company to exclusively manufacture our Shakes and signature sauces. Future Products For now, we will focus on selling fries and signature shakes, burgers and sauces. However, as we grow further, we will add new categories to our menu, such as Belgian Sandwiches and Buffalo wings. In the future, our growth strategy will be offering the franchise of our brand to food entrepreneurs in the Philippine region. Value Meal Sales of FRHANP Fries will not only generated from the selling of its famous Belgian Fries, but also will be generated by the conception of an innovative package menu called the value meal. It primarily consists of a combination of our featured Belgian Fries, sandwiches and Indian soda at greater value than selling at individual items. Further customization could be done by selling a bigger size of fries called Uber FRHANP to attract price sensitive customers. Market Analysis Summary Consumer expenditures for fast food in Philippines rise during the end of the year 2012, followed by the recovery of Philippiness economy. The increasing number of new establishments such as fast food franchises, fancy restaurants and foodie bakeries around Philippines has shown a significant growth in this sector. Food spending is around 56% of total consumer expenditures in Philippines, and consumer  spending on leisure and recreation made up of 13% of total consumer spending. A  much broader appeal exists for weekend slots because those are the days when most of our core target market enjoys the mall going activities. Age   Youngsters, single, currently enrolled in college and high school. Family unit   We will also appeal to families (young families) with children. Gender   We will target both sexes, with a slight skew for males due to their lower attention  to dietary concerns. Income   We will appeal to the medium income individuals and to all in the lower medium income bracket. According to a recent public survey of people 15 45 years old, 80% of those interviewed like fast food. 90% of them like fast food on a regular basis, and 10% of them claimed that they like fast food very much, or love fast food. The survey also provided the following particular reasons for the increasing popularity of fast food: People have 52 weekends and three long holidays a year. Most of Philipino love to window shop, and when they do strolling around the shopping district, they need a quick bite to accommodate their activities. White-collar workers in offices have stopped bring lunch, and enjoy chicken, hamburger, pizza or other fast food joints in the vicinity. Parents give more money to kids and students to buy lunch. Fast food is naturally their first choice, because of the brand building effort that heavily targets their age group. Eating out still remains as Philippinos common habit of life. They do not perceive fast food is a luxury,  and they enjoy it by bringing their family, especially if they have smaller kids, in the environment of the western-style fast food outlets. Marketing Strategy Our strategy is based on serving our markets well. We will start our first outlet as a market tester that could become a model of the expanding number of outlets in the future. Concentration will be on maintaining quality and establishing a strong identity in the local market. A combination of local media and local store marketing programs will be utilized at each location. Local store marketing is most effective, followed by print advertising. As soon as a concentration of stores is established in a market, then broader media will be explored. By providing a fun and energetic environment, with unbeatable quality at an acceptable price in a clean and friendly outlet, we will be the talk of the town. Therefore, the execution of our concept is the most critical element of our plan. Pricing Strategy Our pricing strategy is positioned as generic, meaning that 200 INR is the average consumer spending for a snack or light lunch in Philippines. Leveraging the volume of fries, Indian Soda, Sandwiches, Burgers and signature style sauces to be sold, we are serving the majority of Philippino. Management Summary The initial management team depends on the founders, with little back-up. As we grow, we will take on additional help in certain key areas. Part of our basic philosophy will be able to run our executive management as a knowledge sharing fellowship. We will not add additional overhead until absolutely necessary. This will mean that the initial staff support team will have to work extra. By doing this, we will keep our overhead as low as possible, allowing us to adequately staff our outlets. This will also allow us and future business partners to recoup investments as quickly as possible and enjoy a higher return. At present time, FRHANP Fries is being owned by its 6 founders. Management Team FRHANP Fries is currently the creative idea of its six founders. As the company is small in nature, it only requires a simple organizational structure. Implementation of this organization form calls for all four individuals to make all major management decisions in addition to monitoring all other business activities. As we expand into multiple locations, each location will have a primary site manager. Organizational Structure Future organizational structure will include a director of store operations when the store locations exceed four units. We hope that this individual will come out of the ranks of our stores management. This will provide a supervisory level between the executive level and the store management level. Possible positions might be added at a later date include marketing manager, purchasing manager, controller, human resources, RD and administrative support team. Personnel Plan Our initial employees will  include two  cashiers, two cooks and two bike boys per location, with one of each on the premises during open hours. This is considered an ideal personnel number for a food outlet the size of our own. Each employee will work for 38-40 hours per week. Personnel Plan (Approx.) Personnel plan Year-1 Site manager 0 cashiers 1,90,800 Cook 1,52,640 Bus boy 1,24,020 Total people 12 Total payroll 4,67,460 Start-up Funding Currently, the company is owned by the original 6 founders, who each will contribute Rs.30,60,000 for the same amount of share, 25%. This will more than cover start-up requirements, and provide the business with a cash pillow to use for expansion over the first year. Start-up Funding Start-up Expenses to Fund 36,46,400 Rs. Start-up Assets to Fund 26,50,000 Total Funding Required 62,96,400 Assets Non-cash Assets from Start-up 15,90,000 Cash Requirements from Start-up 26,50,000 Cash Balance on Starting Date 37,53,600 Total Assets 79,93,600 Liabilities and Capital Liabilities Current Borrowing 0 Long-term Liabilities 0 Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) 0 Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) 0 Total Liabilities 0 Capital Total Planned Investment 42,40,000 Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) (36,56,400) Total Capital 1,83,60,000 Total Capital and Liabilities 37,53,600 Total Funding 44,00,000 Projected Profit and Loss As the Profit and Loss shows,  FRHANP Fries will run at a profit or loss for the first year, using up some of the cash reserves initially invested by the founders. As sales increase, we will expand into new locations to aggressively spread brand recognition. This increase in visibility will allow us to take up less expensive locations off of Orchard Road, while maintaining our flagship operation, the first store, in a  prime spot. http://www.bplans.com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/images/ae0e382ef4e34aa6b836c9db8ae7becb.png We recommend using Business Plan Pro as the easiest way to create graphs for your own business plan. Year-1 (Rs.) Sales 1,47,95,639 Direct Cost of Sales 32,83,721 Other Costs of Sales 0 Total Cost of Sales 32,83,721 Gross Margin 1,15,11,971 Gross Margin % 77.81% Expenses Payroll 46,74,600 Marketing/Promotion 5,30,000 Depreciation 0 Rent 92,22,000 Utilities 1,35,150 New location setup 13,25,000 Total Operating Expenses 1,58,86,750 Expenses Profit Before Interest and Taxes (4374779) EBITDA (4374779) Taxes Incurred 0 Net Profit (4374779) Net Profit/Sales -29.57% Projected Cash Flow The following chart and table show the Projected Cash Flow for FRHANP Fries. http://www.bplans.com/fast_food_restaurant_business_plan/images/bb9ce2d1db1244898fee2612c6fa41d6.png Year-1 (Rs.) Cash Received Cash from Operations Cash Sales 14,795,639 Subtotal Cash from Operations 14,795,639 Additional Cash Received Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received 0 New Current Borrowing 0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free) 0 New Long-term Liabilities 0 Sales of Other Current Assets 0 Sales of Long-term Assets 0 New Investment Received Subtotal Cash Received 14,795,639 Expenditures Year-1 Expenditures from Operations Cash Spending 4,674,600 Bill Payments 12,946,045 Subtotal Spent on Operations 17,620,645 Additional Cash Spent Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out 0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing 0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment 0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment 0 Purchase Other Current Assets 0 Purchase Long-term Assets 0 Dividends 0 Subtotal Cash Spent 17,620,645 Net Cash Flow (2,824,953) Cash Balance 35,928,647 Projected Balance Sheet FRHANPs projected company balance sheet follows. Assets Year 1 (Rs.) Current Assets Cash 35,928,647 Other Current Assets 0 Total Current Assets 35,928,647 Long-term Assets Long-term Assets 0 Accumulated Depreciation 0 Total Long-term Assets 0 Total Assets 35,928,647 Liabilities and Capital Current Liabilities Accounts Payable 1,549,826 Current Borrowing 0 Other Current Liabilities Subtotal Current Liabilities 1,549,826 Long-term Liabilities 0 Total Liabilities 1,549,826 Paid-in Capital 42,400,00 Retained Earnings (36,46,400) Earnings (4,374,779) Total Capital 34,378,821 Total Liabilities and Capital 35,928,647 Net Worth 34,378,821

A Magical Forest Essay -- Papers

A Magical Forest The sun is high above me and I walk into the forest in front of me, which I hear calling me. I hear birds chirping and twittering, singing a song. This makes me wonder about birds and where their songs come from. How ancient the song I am hearing really is. As I take a step into the forest, I notice at first the trees, stretching high above the ground, as if in competition with one another, to see who will reach the sky first. Their roots are long and strong, going deep under the ground, indicating that they have lived in the area for a long time, for centuries. As I look up, I notice first their leaves. Although they are green, they have a tinge of gold reflected in the sun making them bright and radiating their light around the forest. Looking down the tree, in the day of the forest, I can see a faint glow. I see that the colour of their thick, soft trunks is different from the common tree. They are silver, reminding me of the winter cold. The scent in the air is of the soil and the trees, and the flowers that grow in the fields and seep in from around the forest. The elfin, unusual flowers that grow within the forest can also be smelt. There is a pure scent in the air. Never smelt by a human in today's day and age, as there is too much pollution and chemicals in the air. I feel tempted to walk up to the tree and feel it. As I reach out my hand and stroke the trunk, I realize that it feels smooth as if I had been stroking a baby's cheek. The feeling is beautiful and relaxing. As I look down, I see flowers that I have never seen before. They have unusual colours, never seen before; taking on extraordinar... ...strength of love to enfold you. A love that will last within your heart and make you experience even the devils love. The whole feel of the changes in the forest and what I saw and smelt makes the experience rare and unique, and heavenly to feel. The taste that is left in your mouth from a fruit off one of those trees is sweet and warms up your insides leaving you happy and content. It fills you up and is a good replacement for both food and drink. If you walk into the forest in distress, you walk out of the forest in peace. As you enter the forest, you enter a morning of gold. As the night embraces the forest, you see a night of silver. That is where I wish to go. There, where all living beings are in peace and provide love for each other, like the stars that shine vibrantly in the sky, cheerful and welcoming. A Magical Forest Essay -- Papers A Magical Forest The sun is high above me and I walk into the forest in front of me, which I hear calling me. I hear birds chirping and twittering, singing a song. This makes me wonder about birds and where their songs come from. How ancient the song I am hearing really is. As I take a step into the forest, I notice at first the trees, stretching high above the ground, as if in competition with one another, to see who will reach the sky first. Their roots are long and strong, going deep under the ground, indicating that they have lived in the area for a long time, for centuries. As I look up, I notice first their leaves. Although they are green, they have a tinge of gold reflected in the sun making them bright and radiating their light around the forest. Looking down the tree, in the day of the forest, I can see a faint glow. I see that the colour of their thick, soft trunks is different from the common tree. They are silver, reminding me of the winter cold. The scent in the air is of the soil and the trees, and the flowers that grow in the fields and seep in from around the forest. The elfin, unusual flowers that grow within the forest can also be smelt. There is a pure scent in the air. Never smelt by a human in today's day and age, as there is too much pollution and chemicals in the air. I feel tempted to walk up to the tree and feel it. As I reach out my hand and stroke the trunk, I realize that it feels smooth as if I had been stroking a baby's cheek. The feeling is beautiful and relaxing. As I look down, I see flowers that I have never seen before. They have unusual colours, never seen before; taking on extraordinar... ...strength of love to enfold you. A love that will last within your heart and make you experience even the devils love. The whole feel of the changes in the forest and what I saw and smelt makes the experience rare and unique, and heavenly to feel. The taste that is left in your mouth from a fruit off one of those trees is sweet and warms up your insides leaving you happy and content. It fills you up and is a good replacement for both food and drink. If you walk into the forest in distress, you walk out of the forest in peace. As you enter the forest, you enter a morning of gold. As the night embraces the forest, you see a night of silver. That is where I wish to go. There, where all living beings are in peace and provide love for each other, like the stars that shine vibrantly in the sky, cheerful and welcoming.

Essays --

Ernest Hemingway uses the various events in Nick Adams life to expose the reader to the themes of youth, loss, and death throughout his novel In Our Time. Youth very often plays its part in war, and since In Our Time relates itself very frequently to war throughout; it is not a surprise that the theme of youthful innocence arises in many of the stories. In â€Å"Indian Camp† the youthful innocence is shown in the last sentence of the story: â€Å"In the early morning on the lake sitting in the stern of the boat with his father rowing, he felt quite sure that he would never die.† (19) When this sentence and the conversation Nick and his father have before they get on the boat are combined in thought it shows that because of Nicks age at the time that he does not yet understand the concept of death. Throughout the book youth has a complicated relationship with aging. This can be seen in â€Å"Three-Day Blow† when Nick and Bill are drinking, acting childish and just having fun. They talk about each others’ fathers and about missed opportunities even though they cannot really understand what they are...

Pitbulls Essay -- essays research papers

Picture this for a second. You come home both mentally and physically exhausted after a strenuous day at school. All you want to do is watch TV and relax with your best friend. As you begin up the concrete cracked driveway, these thoughts linger in your mind. You push the key into the door handle but you notice something is wrong. There is no barking, no tail wagging, no sign of your best friend at the gate. All that is left is a notice on the front door explaining that your dog has been destroyed by the RSCPA. This is the outcome that many Queenslanders are facing for owning an American Pitbull Terrier. But it is not only APBT owners that are suffering from this ordeal, but owners that have dogs that even slightly resemble the APBT will be destroyed. This will soon become the case in Victoria if no one tries to save the name and true reputation of the APBT. I would appreciate if you forgot all the hysterics the media has put forward over time on this breed and listen to how it is not his fault if he escapes, is tort to attack or is put into the ring to fight to the death. The APBT does not deserve this reputation, this reputation has evolved from mans misdemeanors. Renewed calls for the eradication of the APBT were prompted by yet another seemingly endless dog attack. Yet when the public learn that these attacks are easily preventable and in almost every case, it is the owner’s irresponsible ownership which allows the gate open for these attacks to occur? The vicious kil...

Cargills( Ceylon)

Cargills at a Glance Cargills (Ceylon) PLC is a Sri Lankan corporate established in 1844 and built on a strong foundation of values and ethics. Guided by trusted leadership it spearheads the sustainable development of the food industry in Sri Lanka. Its continuous investment in retail has made the Cargills retail arm Cargills Food City the largest retailer in the island in all categories. Pursuing innovation and food safety its manufacturing brands Cargills Supremo and Cargills Finest (processed meats) Cargills Kist (processed fruits and vegetables) and Cargills Magic (ice cream and dairy products) lead sectoral growth.Its KFC franchise is the largest international restaurant chain in Sri Lanka. Through its marketing and distribution arm spread across the island Cargills distributes its manufactured brands as well as internationally renowned food and non-food brands. The Cargills agribusiness model has gained global recognition for linking farmers and entrepreneurs to the market thro ugh a sustainable and inclusive value creation process. Key business 1. Modern retailing 2. Manufacturing 3. Agri Business 4. Restaurants 5. Distribution Subsidiary Companies †¢Cargills Quality Foods (Pvt) Ltd †¢Cargills Distributors (Pvt) Ltd Cargills Quality Dairies (Pvt) Ltd †¢Cargills Food Processors (Pvt) Ltd †¢Cargills Food Services (Pvt) Ltd †¢CPC Agrifoods Ltd †¢CPC Lanka Ltd †¢Cargills Retail (Pvt) Ltd †¢Millers Distributors Ltd †¢Cargills (Ceylon) Plc (Cargills) operates in the retail chain of food outlets. The company also engaged in food manufacturing and †¢restaurant chain sectors. Cargills operates through its ten subsidiaries. Cargills is the official franchisee for Kentucky Fried Chicken †¢(KFC) in Sri Lanka. It also provides distribution and FMCG manufacturing services. The company also offers discount sales to its †¢products.Cargills operates through its 116 outlets across 19 districts in Sri Lanka. Cargil ls is headquartered at Colombo, Sri Lanka †¢Pricing and availability are what drives the economy of the fast food industry. They effectively penetrate markets with advertising campaigns that cater to a whole range of demographics that make them a need in high demand in almost all US geographic locations. With specialized and highly focused franchise management and vast distribution channel they can be established themselves in a new community almost overnight creating instant revenue and jobs wherever demand is present.Economic Characteristics OF THE FOOD AND DRUG RETAIL INDUSTRYIt is extremely important to understand what the dominant economic factors are in an industry in which you are participating. These factors have a very strong influence in determining the corporate strategies that a company will decide to implement. How can a corporation define and implement their corporate strategy without understanding the environment of the market they are in? They simply can not!The economic factors to be considered are as follows: market size, scope of competitive rivalry, market growth rate, number of rivals, number of customers, degree of vertical integration, economies of scales, resource requirements for market entry, and profitability of the industry. Each one of these factors will be defined in the following paragraphs. The supermarket retail market is a $363 billion industry(sales 2000). Approximately $272 billion in sales, or 75%, is achieved by 25 companies with 16,000 stores. The total number of retail grocery stores total 127,000.It is obvious that the market share is dominated by a select few corporations. The largest company is Kroger (11% market share), followed closely by Albertson’s(9%), Safeway(6%), and Win The number of rivals in this industry is becoming more important to recognize. According to Progressive Grocer, supermarket sales have increased 5. Gross margins are approximately 2% greater for a supermarket when they have access t o a distribution center. In closing, the supermarket industry is profitable. All indications in the research that I have done leads me to believe that sales have increased at the same pace in 2000 that it did in 1999.These companies manufacture some of their products in inventory. Because of the single-person and one-parent households, less people are frequenting the grocery stores and more people are eating out at restaurants. Kroger brand(private label) products account for approximately 25% of their grocery sales and almost 9% of drugs and general merchandise. Albertson†tms has acquired American Food to increase their market share in the West region. Kroger is the only major supermarket operator to implement a three-tier distribution system. As stated above, the top 25 companies capture 75% of the market.Safeway, SuperValu, and Kroger are the only companies that go even further upstream concerning vertical integration. They use these facilities to produce private label prod ucts. The growth has been driven by increasing affluence and the rise of a middle class; the entry of women into the workforce; with a consequent incentive to seek out easy-to-prepare foods; the growth in the use of refrigerators, making it possible to shop weekly instead of daily; and the growth in car ownership, facilitating journeys to distant stores and purchases of large quantities of goods.The opportunities presented by this potential have encouraged several European companies to invest in these markets (mainly in Asia) and American companies to invest in Latin America and China. Local companies also entered the market. [12] Initial development of supermarkets has now been followed by hypermarket growth. In addition there were investments by companies such as Makro and Metro in large-scale Cash-and-Carry operations.While the growth in sales of processed foods in these countries has been much more rapid than the growth in fresh food sales, the imperative nature of supermarkets to achieve economies of scale in purchasing, means that the expansion of supermarkets in these countries has important repercussions for small farmers, particularly those growing perishable crops. New supply chains have developed involving cluster formation; development of specialized wholesalers; leading farmers organizing supply; and farmer associations or cooperatives.Cargills (Ceylon) entered the Business Today TOP 10 list a year ago at the tenth place and this year notched one place up to number nine. Having evolved from its original four department stores, Cargills (Ceylon) is today the fastest growing and largest retail chain in Sri Lanka. The company continues to invest in food and agriculture, and with the expansion of the retail outlets to 136 during the year, new opportunities were reportedly presented to more rural famers and entrepreneurs. The company is also actively participating in the revival of the Eastern Province with the opening of outlets in Batticaloa, Ampara and Trincomalee.At present Cargills has established its presence in 23 districts of the country. Cargills (Ceylon) owns and operates its own manufacturing and distribution arm. The company also owns the KFC franchise in Sri Lanka, and it introduced the first KFC drive-thru in the South Asia region. During the year a full year of operation of Millers Distribution was brought under the fold of Cargills. An Island-wide reach and distribution capability of Millers is expected to help Cagills (Ceylon) further penetrate the market. Turnover of the company during the year was Rs 16 billion and profit after tax was Rs 499 million.

Othello †English Exam Essay

Othello is a tragedy written by Shakespeargon in 1602. The main fibre, Othello is a popular general in the townsfolk of Venice. He f every last(predicate)s for the young Desdemona and only when goes well for a while, until Othello promotes Cassio instead of Iago. This causes Iago to sire green-eyed and he p senss a vicious externalize to describe Othello unhappy. He manipulates contrary people into getting them to do what they requirement genus genus Emilia who is Iagos wife steals a hankie for him. The handkerchief bring ins an of the essence(p) incite in the piddle away as Othello gave it to Desdemona as a token of his love.Desdemona treasures the handkerchief unless misinterpretedly leaves it behind unmatchableness solar day this is when Emilia steals it. Once Iago has the handkerchief his moodl political program falls into place. He puts the idea that Desdemona is having an affair with Cassio in Othellos head, and therefore places the handkerchief on Cassi o. At offshoot Othello is so in love with Desdemona that he animadverts nothing of it, only when once he get winds that Cassio had the token of love he gave to her, he hypothesises incompatiblelyAfter universe leftfield heartbroken, he confronts Desdemona and take downtually suffocates her to death. The artless Emilia causes in to find her mistress murdered, she indeed reveals the truth that Iago was behind all the lies which is when Iago comes in and kills her. Othello accordingly kills himself out(a) of guilt. A monologue is like a monologue as it is a paragraph spoken on stage alone tho it is further a short speech. A monologue is astir(predicate) what a character is doing or mentation or it could beneficial be astir(predicate) what is happening in the play at that time.In Othello Iago is the character that reckons around of the soliloquies, he talks about his plans to soften Othello and how he can predict everyones reactions. Directly before Iagos or iginal soliloquy, Roderigo and Iago talk about acquittance to fight in Cyprus and Iago manipulates Roderigo into doing what he wants by persuading him that Desdemona depart tire of Othello even uptually and she allow for then fall in love with Roderigo. He does this because he hold outs that Roderigo is in love with Desdemona except he manages that Othello and Desdemona are happily in love and would never tire of each otherwise.In Act 1, Scene 3, Iagos number 1 soliloquy is about what he plans to do, he explains that by telltale(a) Othello lies he allow get exactly what he wants. This is for Othello to be unhappy. He withal explains that by doing this he leave get Cassios job therefore he leave be killing two birds with one stone. In this soliloquy he mentions a rumor, twixt my sheets, /hes done my office. by this he means that he supposes Othello has slept with Emilia but he doesnt hump if its dead on target or not. This is the save line in the play that sugges ts a reason behind Iagos plans and wherefore he dislikes Othello so much.However by using the account book office to reference to his wife, Emilia Shakespeare gives the sense of hearing the impression he doesnt care for her much. I besides know this as he uses her afterwards in the play to make his plans once against Othello resolve out he as well kills her at the end of the play. Iago then goes onto submit, I know not ift be true/yet I, for mere suspicion in that kind, / leave alone do as if for surety. Iago is motto, even though he doesnt know if its true or not, hes going to get dorsum at Othello anyway. at that placefore he could notwith stick uping be using this as an palliate for his plans, as this would make the auditory sense visit him not as evil but as unhappy and wanting penalise which would make them sympathetic for him. However, as this seems like a cover for his for his evil plan, again it is clear that he doesnt unfeignedly care about Emilia. Shak espeare gives Iago the line, He holds me well, the bump shall my drive work upon him. I think that Shakespeare does this to show that because Iago thinks very highly of himself Othello bequeath too, and never suspect that he is telling him lies, and that he leave always sureness him.He also uses the news program purpose which seems like he is trying to the earshot, this is what he has to do, like it is his purpose to bring Othello down. Shakespeare also shows that Iago hates Othello by undermining him, for congressman Iago says, I hate the Moor. By using the term, moor this is organism racist, however a Shakespearean reference would not prepare seen this as racial discrimination as it was not widely acknowledge in those times. However Iago knew that by motto this it would be an insult to Othello.He then goes on to say, Will be as tenderly led by the prize as asses are when he says this he is referring to Othello as a dumb zoology, this is called animate being Imager y, by doing this a Shakespearean earshot would see him as more of an animal and therefore this would lessen their respect for him. Iago is utter that because Othello is so dumb and trustworthy of Iago, he impart do exactly what Iago wants him to. He will be easily tricked into thinking that Desdemona is having an affair. The last two lines of the soliloquy are, I exhaustt. It is engendered. Hell and night / must(prenominal) bring this heavy birth to the humankinds faint.These two sentences stand out because they are a rhyming couple unlike the rest of the soliloquy. The rhyming coup permit, night and Light could make you think of a number of incompatible things, for example opposites, analyze the good characters to the bad characters. It could also be a representation of Othello and Desdemona referring to their skin color, accenting how different they are. on the whole these things would make the hearing think more deeply into how different some of the characters in t he play are, for example Iago and Othello or Desdemona and Emilia.The word engendered means created and when Iago says this he is talking about his sneaky plan to bring Othello down. By saying this, the listening will think he has just thought of his plan at this point, however he had actually already come up with his plan. He also says the line, flagitious birth to the worlds night. prime(prenominal) of all by using the word, monstrous it stands out because this is quite an angry word however he says this in a calm manner, however because of the type of word he uses it could lead the audience to think about how each of the characters that Iago is betraying may flavour after Iagos plan has taken place.In Act 3, Scene 3 the most important part of the play takes part, and that is when Iago receives the handkerchief from Emilia who has stolen it from Desdemona. Without this Iagos plan would not work as Othello see the Handkerchief that he gave to Desdemona as a token of their lov e in Cassios hand is what leads him to gestate that she has been unfaithful. Iagos soliloquy from Act 3, Scene 3 is about what he plans to do now he has the handkerchief he also mentions how important it is and that without it his malicious plan would not work.This especial(a) soliloquy is also written as a poem, I know this because the commencement of each line has a chapiter letter, And Let Him find it. Shakespeare does this because it makes the soliloquy stand out from the rest of the play. This is probably one of the most important and effective soliloquy from the play as it tells you a lot about Iagos character. Iagos first line of the soliloquy is, I will in Cassios lodging omit this napkin, / and let him find it. In other words Iago is saying he is going to slyly place the handkerchief in Cassios room so he will find it yet never know that it was Iago who placed it there. This is a snappy part of Iagos plan because by planting the handkerchief on Cassio, Othello will see that he has it and automatically think that Desdemona gave it to him, if he didnt do this then Othello would never believe that Desdemona has been having an affair. This wouldnt have a prominent effect on the audience as they would already endure Iago to say this from the first soliloquy in Act, 1 Scene 3.Iago then goes onto say, Trifles light as air/ are to the envious confirmations punishing which basically means that even though the handkerchief is a depressed insignificant object that would normally make no difference what so ever, if Iago is painstaking and he uses it at the right time. Everything will fall into place and his plan will work out perfectly. By, Jealous confirmations strong he means that because Othello is slightly jealous to begin with, once he sees the handkerchief in Cassios hand and is tricked in to think theyre having an affair, he will be even more jealous.The close line of the soliloquy is, As proofs of divine writ Iago is saying that he is veritable that the handkerchief will definitely do something, and he is using religion to second himself up. Shakespeare does this on purpose as a Shakespearean audience would immediately believe Iago, religion was an important thing in those days there for if Iago uses this to back up his plan, and they would also think it is important too. Shakespeare ends the soliloquy with the line, Burn Like mines of sulfur.I did say so. this is simile, it is used to describe exactly how Othello will react to the constant lies he is being fed without realizing, he will kickoff to believe everything Iago tells him. The way he says, I did say so. makes him sound like he has a very high picture of himself, almost like he is describing himself as god-like. I think he is also referring to what he said before, when he says that he hates Othello. Through out Othello Shakespeare wrote Iagos soliloquies about his devious plans to undermine Othello, to do this he used religious imagery which is when you say something about religion to symbolize something else.In Othello religious imagery is used when Iago talks about creating his plan, Hell and night by saying hell he could be referring to the devil which makes me think of Iago as he is evil and devious. He also says in Act 3 Scene 3, I did say so by saying this it is almost as if he is describing himself as god-like. Shakespeare used religious imagery because it has the authority to change a Shakespearean audiences mind about the story. It would earn them more than it would a modern audience.All through the play, soliloquies are used to let you know what is going on indoors the characters mind. Iagos soliloquies patron the audience understand Iagos character it also helps them realize his motives for everything he does during the play. There are a few different reasons behind Iagos devious plans. We see this through the two soliloquies from Act 1 Scene 3 and Act 3 scene 1. Shakespeare uses a lot of dramatic ridicule in h is plays through all the soliloquies which are spoken.The strongest piece of dramatic irony used in the play is that the audience know exactly what is happening, for example Desdemona is innocent and that it is Iago who his twisting things and telling lies. Where as Othello has no idea, he thinks that Iago is trustworthy and that Desdemona is guilty of having an affair. striking irony is exciting and it makes the audience shade like part of the story. Throughout the play, Shakespeare uses irony to add humor, suspense and tension.Overall soliloquies have a drastic feign on the play as not only do they explain what characters mainly Iago are thinking, but they also create an halo in the audience. Soliloquies make the audience affect what it going to happen next in the play, and because there are so many of them it also gets their attention. Another reason why soliloquies have a good impact on the play is because it makes it more evoke having just one person on stage talking to themselves or the audience instead of having two or more people having a conversation in the midst of them selves.