Behavior Systems Family and Teaching and Learning Activities

Teaching is one of the most difficult jobs, because teachers do not just teach subjects, they teach people, who have different personalities, learning styles, and interests. The behavior systems family of teaching models can help a teacher create an effective learning environment through mastery learning, direct instruction, simulating.The behavior systems family of teaching models focuses on the behaviorist theories of Skinner, com/b-f-skinner-and-albert-bandura/">Bandura, and others. Their theories showed that behavior can be conditioned or created. Teachers can use these theories to cultivate productive and successful classrooms.Mastery learning takes place when material is broken down into small sections that are easy to understand. According to Weil and Calhoun (2008), at the end of each unit, a test is administered to see if the students understood that section. Those who did can move on to the next phase, and those who did not can spend more time on the current section until t hey have. Direct instruction means that the activities and lessons are teacher directed. The students are in a less participatory role, often taking notes or listening to the teacher lecture.Students are given direct instruction for tasks and time to work independently. It is most helpful for teachers to use praise during this time to illicit good behavior and focused study. Simulation is when students role play real life situations in order to gain understanding. Tasks that are realistically complex can seem less so in a classroom setting. According to Mafune (n. d. ), students assume roles of people in various situations, and they are able to understand their motivation and actions. They can simulate a courtroom trial, and focus on specific parts of testimony, or the jurors.The behavioral systems family of teaching models can aid teachers a great deal. Teachers can use behavior theory to achieve their desired results through mastery learning, direct instruction, and simulations. R eferences Mafune, P. Teaching and learning models. A reflection on the work of Bruce Joyce, Bev Showers, Marsha Weil and Others. Retrieved May 22, 2009 from http://hagar. up. ac. za /catts/learner/patriciam/B3a. htm Joyce, B. , Weil, M. , & Calhoun, E. (2008) Models of teaching. (8th ed. ) Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.

Japanese Street Fashion

The beginning of the 21st century, it formed street fashion, a fashion style in which the wearer customizes outfits by adopting a mixture of current and traditional trends. At present, there are many styles of dress in Japan, created from a mix of both local and foreign labels. Some examples of popular styles are: Laity, Gaur and Decors fashion. Laity is a fashion subculture originating in Japan that is based on Victorian-era clothing. It is usually consisted of knee length skirt or dress with a cupcake† shape assisted by petticoats.Laity fashion has evolved into many different sub styles that are present in many parts of the world. The most popular sub categories are: gothic Laity, sweet Laity and the punk Laity. Laity has popularized by the more feminine visual eke or â€Å"visual style† artists. Visual eke is a fashion among Japanese musicians, who are usually male, featuring make-up, elaborate hair styles and flamboyant costumes Guar fashion is a type of Japanese str eet fashion that was popular in the sass, but shortly died out in the early sass.It is often portrayed as a sign of youth rebellion as it is the opposite of the traditional idea of beauty in Japan. Guar fashion is typically characterized by heavily bleached or dyed hair, highly decorated nails, and dramatic makeup. Popular sub categories include: Kangaroo, Him guar and Anne guar. The Decors style originated in the late ass and rose to great popularity both in and outside Japan. The clothes are usually in black, dark pink r baby pink and neon.A plain shirt and hooded are often worn with short tutu-like skirts. The most important part of the style is to pile on many layers of cute accessories until the clothes worn underneath are barely visible. Leg and arm warmers, knee socks, and many accessories such as necklaces, bracelets, rings, lights, children's toys, mittens, face masks and sunglasses are worn atop each other in different layers. The style is worn to give the youthful and inn ocent image.

Compare and Contrast the Main Principles Psychological Therapies

Good psychological health is characteristic of a person's ability to complete some key functions and activities, including: learning ability, ability of feel, expression and management of all kinds of positive and negative emotions, the ability to form and maintain good human relations and the ability of deal with and change management and uncertainty. (Mental health foundation) Good psychological health not only is the lack of may diagnose mental health problems, although a good mental health may help prevent the development of many of these issues.There are some mental health problems: strong emotional experience, behavior/motivation to change, physical/physical symptoms, unrealistic idea and thought prejudice and distress and damage function, etc. So in order to tackle those mental health problems, psychology clients need some effectively therapeutic approaches to treat. In generally, treating common mental health problems can through two main ways: Medication therapy and Psycholo gical therapies. The ratio is 2:1 preference psychological therapy and medication therapy, when people seeking treatment for common psychological health problems.It can be seen that people are more willing to choose psychological therapies to treat their problems. The psychological therapies including: psychodynamic therapy, behavior therapy, humanistic therapy, cognitive therapy, systemic and family therapies. (Kate Cavanagh(lecture), 2012) In this essay, I will focus on the behavior therapy and cognitive therapy. Following paragraph will analysis the behavior therapy and the paragraph next the behavior therapy will explain cognitive therapy in detail. In the finally paragraph I will compare and contrast the main principles between behavior therapy and cognitive therapy.Behavior therapy The definition of behavior therapy is a nonbiological form of therapy that developed largely out of learning theory research and that is normally applied directly, incrementally, and experimentally in the treatment of specific maladaptive behavior patterns. (Erwin, 1978, p. 44) There are two main principles here, ‘the classical conditioning principles’ and ‘the operant learning principles’. Classical conditioning is the learnt association between stimulus and response. Behaviorists have described many different phenomenons with classical conditioning. The most famous xperiment is a famous physiologist Ivan Petrovich(1894-1936)’s experiment. The experiment is about the salivary reflex in dong. Without any special training in any way, when the researcher put the meat in a healthy dog’s mouth (the stimulus), the dog is starting to produce saliva quickly (the response). Then the assistant put the meat in a healthy dog’s mouth, and the dog still producing saliva, different from last time, at the same time assistant was ringing the bell. Finally, when assistant is ringing bell, the dog will producing saliva. It can be summing up to thre e basic stages of classical conditioning. Geoffrey L L, 1990) Stage 1: food (unconditioned stimulus) can lead to salivation (unconditioned response). And bell (neutral stimulus) can lead to nothing (no effect). Stage 2: food (unconditioned stimulus) linked with bell (neutral stimulus), and food still lead to salivation (unconditioned response). Stage 3: bell (conditioned stimulus) can lead to salivation (conditioned response) directly. (Kendra Cherry (1)) Based on classical conditioning principles, the therapeutic approaches include: systematic desensitisation, aversion therapy, flooding and counter-conditioning / reciprocal inhibition.Joseph Wolpe, behavior therapy pioneer, developed a technology, called systematic desensitization therapy for anxiety related diseases and phobia. Systematic desensitization usually begins to see yourself in a progress and use relaxed fear and anxiety of the competition strategy. Once you can successfully manage your anxiety and imagine terrible event s, you can use this technology in real life this kind of situation. The process's goal is to be gradually to trigger cause you pain. (Sheryl Ankrom, 2009) The procedure shows us the desensitization process in following figure. Source from: ‘The practice of behavior therapy’ (Third Edition), Copyright 1982, Pergamon Books Ltd. ) As the figure shows, when anxiety evolking potential of A is reduced from 1 to 0, B automatically is reduced from 2 to 1, and so forth. Aversion therapy is a form of therapy, the use of behavior principle to eliminate unwanted behavior. In the treatment, unnecessary stimulation is repeated collocation discomfort. Regulating process goal is to make the individual association stimulus and unpleasant or uncomfortable feeling. Kendra Cherry (2)) That means using the pairs problem stimulus (e. g. alcohol) with aversive outcome (e. g. nausea), to deter engagement. In the aversion therapy, the client may be asked to want to or participation behavior the y enjoy and contact some unpleasant things such as bad smell, a bad smell or even mild electric shock. Once the unpleasant feeling become related behavior, hope is unnecessary actions or action will begin to decrease in the frequency or completely stop. Mainly the aversion therapy can be used in bad habits, addictions, alcoholism, smoking, gambling etc.The overall effectiveness of aversion therapy can depend on many factors, including the use of methods, and whether the clients to continue after practice the prevention and treatment of recurrence. In some cases, the client may return to previous behavior patterns once their treatment and no longer exposed to frighten. One of the most important disadvantages is aversion therapy the lack of rigorous scientific evidence to prove its effectiveness. A question of ethics in the treatment of the use of penalty is a bigger worry. Flooding is prolonged exposure to feared stimulus and counter-conditioning / Reciprocal inhibition.Pairs feared stimulus (e. g. giving a talk) with new response (e. g. feeling relaxed and confident). Those two therapeutic approaches are not very popular than systematic desensitisation and aversion therapy, so I just describe them briefly. (Kendra Cherry (2)) Operant conditioning is a kind of study method that occurred in the behavior of the rewards and punishment. An association is made between behavior and result of behavior, through the operant conditioning. The most different from classical conditioning is the behaviors are voluntary. Geoffrey L &Sheryl L, 1990) There are two main concepts in operant conditioning: reinforcement and punishment. Reinforcement is any event that raises the behavior follows. Positive reinforcers and negative reinforcers are the main point in positive reinforcers. Positive reforcers are presented after the behavior. The response or behavior is strengthened by the praise or a direct reward, which reflect positive reinforcement. And negative reinforcers involve th e removal or outcomes after the display of behavior. In both of these cases of reinforcement, the behavior rises.On the other hand, punishment is the presentation of outcome or event that caused a decrease in behavior. There are also two kinds of punishment: positive punishment and negative punishment. Positive punishment involves presentation of event or outcome, in order to recede the response. And negative punishment as a punishment by removal is removed after behavior occurs. Both of these case of punishment the behavior decrease. (Kendra Cherry (3)) Operant conditioning key is to use either rewards and punishment mechanism increase or decrease a behavior.Through this process, the association formed between the behavior and the behavior of the consequences. For example, suppose that a coach tried to teach the dog to get a ball. When dog successful chase and picked up the ball, the dog was praised as a reward. When an animal can't search ball, coach reserved praise. Finally, the dog form a connection between his behavior of the grab the ball and receive the reward. Cognitive therapy Cognitive therapy = cognitive behavior therapy (CPT). It is a way of talking about how you think about yourself, how what you do affects your thoughts and feeling and the world and other people. Windy Dryden & William L. Golden, 1978) Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) can help you to change how you think (Cognitive) and what you do (Behaviour). After those changes you will feel better than beforetime . It is different from some of the other treatments, it focuses on more the ‘here and now' problems and difficulties rather than focusing on the causes of your distress or symptoms in the past, it looks for ways to improve your state of mind now. (Nancy Schimelpfening, 2007) A lot of mental health problems like anxiety, stress, bipolar disorder bulimia, panic, disorder, depression etc. an be treated by cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). (Brian Sheldon,1995) Everything have both side, also cognitive behavior therapy have some problems. For example, CBT is not a fast repair. A therapist can give you advises or encourages, however they cannot do it for you. If you are depressed, it difficult to excitation and concentrate. (Alec G, Michael T, Ronam M & Nigel S, 2010) Also to overcome anxiety, you need to face it. This may make you feel more eager for a short period of time. Good doctors will your conversational pace. You decide what you do together, so you should keep control. (RCPSYCH)Compare and contrast the main principles in cognitive therapy to behavior threapy. Behavior therapyCognitive therapy focuses on changing undesirable behaviors. Behavior therapy involves identifying objectionable, maladaptive behaviors and replacing them with healthier types of behavior. focuses on working with the client to identify and evaluate potentially unhelpful thoughts and beliefs. Key point: classical conditioning principles. operant learning principles. Key point: chang e how you think (Cognitive) change what you do (Behaviour) Therapy may longer. Therapy may be quiet brief or longer for more severe or complex difficulties

Creating Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Creating Art - Essay Example The majority of two-dimensional art is carried out on paper. The supplement of novel technology has made photography additionally available to early infantile programs. Many probabilities for two-dimensional art exist, for instance, rubbing, collage, stenciling, cutting, printing, pasting, along with torn paper painting. Finger paint is a supplementary medium, which is intriguing to young kids. In the present day, it is conceivable to construct art using the software presently available for computers. Many instruments exist for utilization by young kids that encourages their artwork creation. The more appropriate ones include digital cameras, overhead projectors, internet, MS Word programs, and special notes. Three-dimensional art is known as art to creations, which have substance. This means that they stand upright as an alternative to lying down flat on surfaces. Clay referred to as â€Å"real artist† consists of earth and is regularly bought within art storehouses or even from a supply house. Wood scarps, along with pieces of plywood have the aptitude to be utilized to create projects that are three-dimensional. Plastic or even Styrofoam cups offer an additional creation material (Isbell & Raines, 2013). Storing work that is in progress is important and educators must find a place within the classroom where kids are able to store their half-finished work. Various art is created by a kid at the same time as he or she is working on a particular item in an individual manner (Isbell & Raines, 2013). As young kids turn out to be additionally skilled with art, the components, as well as materials, they are able to start working on projects as groups so that they can get opportunities, work collaboratively, study from others, and cooperate with each other on ideas. The art center or studio is a particular area within the classroom that is meant to serve as the center for creations that are

Triceratops Trail, CSM Geology Museum, and Dinosaur Ridge Essay

Triceratops Trail, CSM Geology Museum, and Dinosaur Ridge - Essay Example The triceratops trail footprints are different from the Dinosaur Ridge ones in that the ones for Dinosaur Ridge are aged million and are viewed from top. Triceratops Trail characterize tracks that are vied in three dimension formed if an animal leaves a print in mud that is afterwards filled hence forms a cast and vertically tilted by the rocky mountains uplift. The whole process leaves behind tracks that stick from the walls as the original layer had been mined away. Footprints of dinosaurs, birds, mammals and beetles are evident on the walls. It is a trail of 1.5 mile along parkway of Alameda between county road and Rooney road on the North. It has 100 tracks of dinosaurs, geological features and a quarry containing dinosaur bones. It takes about 2 hours to make trips. The trail is composed of more than 15 sites all marked by interpretive signs. At the ridge’s top there is a switchback curve that cuts through revealing the geological Hogback structure. Two overlooks scenes, west and east, are places where Front Range geology is studied or where one can sit and enjoy a beautiful scene. The interpretive signs on the curve show the gas and oil production, the basin of Denver, rocky mountains uplift and Golden fault. The bone quarry was discovered in the year 1877 by a company known as Arthur Lakes. This site was initially known as Morrison quarry no 5. Among the fourteen sites in the location only 4 did produce bones. Quarry no 5 is the bone quarry where the first stegosaurus in the world was discovered. Many vertebrae, limb parts and famous plates’ pieces were discovered and are now evident on Morrison museum display. The bones that are presently exposed at their sites of interpretation are most probably from Apatosaurus and stegosaurs and are washed by rain into stream channel. The bone quarry is amongst the few places where one can have a view of dinosaur bones and touch them in rocks in which they fossilized. The

Ebay cultural analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Ebay cultural analysis - Essay Example These elements that define the culture of an organization are not constant, they change with time and it is the change of these elements that define culture change and hence the reputation and direction of the company. There are several cultural changes that have been initiated in EBay since its inception and these changes have resulted to a number of implications. The first cultural change initiated by the company was not localized to the company but to the whole world. The company changed the way the world does business. It initiated transitions from buying and selling physical commodities to a wide extension of commodities that include diverse services. The company also revolutionized the payments methods in business transactions y introducing paperless cash transfers such as PayPal (Griffin 2012, p 79). This is an online payment method that allows buyers and sellers to purchase and sell commodities online without handling cash. This has not only improved the efficiency of carryin g out business transactions, but it has also enhanced security in business. The company has also initiated a communication culture between its employees and its customers. In the early days of the inception of the company, there had been poor communication strategies and many customers filled the company’s website with messages filled with dissatisfaction. Therefore, the company introduced a strong culture of communication by creating several interfaces and platforms of communication between the company and its employees (Ashkanasy 2011, p 82). The company also included the use of social media and channels in its communication culture with its employees and this assertion is attributed to the rapid changes in the levels of technology in the world. The other culture change that has been observed in the company is its responsiveness to its shareholders. The company initiated a mechanism that will ensure that all the concerns of their shareholders are met within the shortest tim e possible (Bevan & Wengrow 2010, p 18). The company changed its buyer and seller cultures a great deal by adding the aspect of shareholders involvement so as to include them in its short term and long term development plans. All the above described cultural changes that took place in EBay had a number of implications that accompanied them and the business environment as a whole. These were both positive and negative implications as will be described below. Taking a look at some of the positive implications that impacted the organization was increase in the number of products. This in return led to increase in the number of sales and consequently, increase revenue collection (Halal 2005, p 59). This was extremely significant as it led to overall increase in overall business turnover. All these continued to provide more energy in terms of financial resource to stir up the organization in the quest of attaining their set goals and objectives. In addition to this, there was improvement of interpersonal relationship between the staff, both junior and senior managerial staff. The flow of information significantly improved as a result of these cultural changes and as a result business could be carried out in a well orderly fashion and thus led to increase in quality of service. The customer is always the determining factor in any business entity. Therefore, by the organization having the capability offer quality services and goods,

The Silk Routes and its Influences on Ancient and Medieval Commerce Essay

The Silk Routes and its Influences on Ancient and Medieval Commerce and International Relations - Essay Example â€Å"Silk Road†: Its Expansion over Different Centuries Indeed, the term, â€Å"Silk Road†, is a modern adoption which is used to refer to the commercial communication networks existing among the countries of the world during the ancient and medieval periods. Especially, it was a set of communication routes which were connected to the main route between Changan and Europe (especially the Port of Venice). Since the â€Å"Silk Road† was not any single route of communication, modern historians have preferred using the term, â€Å"Silk Routes† in order to refer to the whole communication network between China and the West. Many people claim that the name, ‘Silk Road’, has been used because ‘Silk’ was the most precious product which was being traded along the road. Indeed, such assumption about the name is not wholly true. Rather, it is a partial truth. Though ‘Silk’ was the most attractive product which the Chinese were selling the whole world, it was not the only important products where were being traded among the nations. Indeed, this name became popular in the modern world after Ferdinand von Richthofen had introduced the East-West communication network as `Seidenstrasse’ (silk road) or `Seidenstrassen’ (silk routes). In this regard, Joshua Mark notes, â€Å"Both terms for this network of roads...were coined by the German geographer and traveler, Ferdinand von Richthofen, in 1877 CE, who designated them `Seidenstrasse’ (silk road) or `Seidenstrassen’ (silk routes)† (Pars. 1). Commodities and Ideas, Exchanged by the Nations

Managing Customer Service Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing Customer Service - Essay Example Both gaining customer commitment and stimulating employees can produce an outstanding service for the corporation and to ensure that the results first satisfy the client, and then lead to successful target achievements. Service strategies vary from company to company, however, they are some general rules that need to be observed. Each service strategy aims to improve its customer care and to meet the needs of its customers in the most professional manner. Strategic approaches aim to continuously enhance the understanding about the customer service and how to implement it into the routine work with clients. In order for a company to succeed it should have easy to grasp strategy endevours, which are understood by the personnel. This constitutes a great level of the customer service, since they provide diverse pieces of advice and support for its clientele. Cook (2008) also elaborates on modern online technology and explains how those changes affected the overall customer service and employees. Customer engagement is best explained by Cook (2008) illustrating few example from eBay, Tesco and John Lewis. There is a universal structure and service units regardless of where they are positioned in the mar ket chain and as geographical location. Among the other useful tips that Cook (2008) provides her readers is to listen to customers. Listening to customers is one of the most vital principles of service management. Attention should be paid to the customer's demands and requirements. Company representatives should carefully direct customers in order to understand and meet their needs. When customer is speaking, the employees should carefully pay attention and if necessary take notes, especially if the conversation is conducted over the phone. While listening to the customer, the employee should quickly take action on those issues that are easily solved and fixed. Another topic that Cook (2008) reviews is the implementation of customer care strategy. Since customers are becoming growingly sophisticated and inventive in their demands, this requires the implementation of well organized customer care strategy. Every business is dependent on the clients, thus to provide a high level of responsiveness to their desires is the prime aim of every organization. Developing and implementing extensive approaches to customer relation management has increasingly become the cornerstone of service management. There are also training and development programs for customer service which aim to make the servicing more interactive (Cook, 2008). There are integration approaches into these training customer service programs which debate real situations and life experiences and enable the employees to frame their impressions about the ever-changing customers' demands. Recognition and rewards are other inseparable part of excellent customer care (Cook, 2008). The comp any has to recognize the customer as valuable and to indicate that he is important, because he choose particularly us to provide him with the service. To connect reward with customer loyalty we have to show that we try our best to keep the customer. To achieve this we reward him in many different ways - from offering him discounts, to bonuses for returning to us again. Mudie and Cottam (1999) look closely at the relationship between marketing and public sector issues. Besides pointing out to these key areas, they also provide exhaustive examples and case studies

Supply Chain Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Supply Chain Management - Case Study Example Another model of picking location is mixed fulfilment model, which enable customers to order directly and the orders will being dispatched from warehouse as well as supermarkets. This method is regarded to be highly flexible but this method is difficult to schedule by the company (Ody, 2000). The customers of Sainsbury’s are involved with both the method of business to pick the ordered goods on time of delivery from picking centres or supermarkets or warehouse. At times, home delivery approach is also scheduled by the companies for high convenience of customers. However, such approach of distribution and delivery is regarded to be difficult as customer when customer is not available. This situation mainly happens when the ordered goods reach quickly or earlier than pre-defined time at pre-defined location. On the other hand, customers pick the ordered goods directly from regional picking centres and warehouses or supermarkets. These were regarded to the distribution centres for company (Ody, 2000). The Sainsbury’s business utilises the ‘orderline’ technology to run its standalone operations efficiently. However, in the current scenario, for high business expansion as well as sustainability Sainsbury’s needed to incorporate a new IT system within its existing system. To integrate such new technology within the old but will take five years’ time to establish the same. Additionally, the company developed website to stay connected with its customers and assimilated a loyal customer base for better future prospective (Ody,

Summary of frankl's book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary of frankl's book - Essay Example gs special meaning to the field of nursing since it gives ideas which can be used to establish therapeutic healing relationships between nurses and the individuals under their care. For example, Frankl (1997) presents the idea that life never stops having a meaning therefore there is no such thing as a meaningless existence. Individuals will always have something to live for. While Frankl offers concrete examples such as family and loved ones, he also includes the spiritual aspect of living for a cause and suggests that even in the direst situations; a reason to live can be found in the shape of God. For nurses, it becomes important to note that if this faith in family, friends or a spiritual deity is lost by an individual, the process of recovery can be harmed significantly. The relevance of this idea to the theory of nursing becomes clear when we understand that nurses are supposed to provide assistance in the healing process and create professional relationships with patients under their care. These positive relationships can help along the healing process for the patient. Another important point which Frankl makes is the idea concerning the individual attitude which a person can have with regard to a calamity. He notes that some prisoners were able to take whatever the concentration camps dished out to them and survive simply because they had a positive attitude within them. Even in suffering, a positive attitude can lessen the pain a person is going through and allow him/her to come to terms with what has afflicted them. On the other hand, those who give up or become negative may not only enhance their own suffering but also affect how others around them are feeling. The lesson for a nurse is simply to remain positive and encourage patients to think positively. On a personal note, I found the book to be highly motivational and I believe that it offers some important life lessons for people from all walks of life. It is certainly a popular book and does

The Crucible within the play Essay Example for Free

The Crucible within the play Essay What is The Crucible within the play, and how does it bring about change or reveal the individuals true character? A crucible is a cup-shaped piece of laboratory equipment used to raise metals to very high temperatures, and extract impurities. Therefore, I think that the court is the crucible within the play. The Crucible is a play written by Arthur Miller based on the events which actually happened in 1692, which led to the Salem witch trials, a series of hearings before the court, which prosecuted over 150, on the grounds that they were practicing witchcraft. These events occurred in Massachusetts, between February 1692 and May 1693. He likened the events in his play to the situation with the House Un-American Activities Committee. Miller wrote the play to warn people to plead for freedom. Later, Miller himself was called upon to appear before the McCarthy Committee and was questioned about his activities with the American communist party. Arthur Miller was an American playwright, who lived from October 1915 till February 2005. He was an important figure in American literature for over 60 years, and wrote many plays, including very famous plays, such as The Crucible, A View from the Bridge, All My Sons, and Death of a Salesman, which are still studied and performed all over the world. He was born to Jewish-American parents in Manhattan, in New York. His father owned a womans clothes manufacturing business, which failed in the Wall Street Crash of 1929. After the business failed, his family moved to Brooklyn. Because of the effects of the Wall Street Crash on his family, Miller had little money for college after graduating in Abraham Lincoln High School. In order to gain a place at the University of Michigan, Miller had to work in a number of low status jobs to pay for his tuition. In order to fully understand The Crucible, we must first understand some of the plays background and history. The term Witch-hunt was first used to describe the searching out and persecution of a religious minority, or a political group with ideas different to the majority of the population. After World War Two, US relations with the Soviet Union deteriorated, and there followed a period known as the cold war. A large amount of people feared Russia, and believed that they intended to take over the world. This is what started the fear of Communism in the US. We must also understand what the Puritan societies in Salem were like. Salem was originally founded by Pilgrim Fathers, who had left their own countries in order to practice their religion in peace. The Puritans had very strict moral codes, and this is probably what caused the girls to rebel, and experiment in the forest.

Hollyoaks and targeted Essay Example for Free

Hollyoaks and targeted Essay My soap opera is going to be on channel 4 because my soap is going to be similar to Hollyoaks and targeted at a younger audience. Itll be aimed at younger people because my cast is mostly young adults or late teens, but their will also be older characters to play the motherly/fatherly figures. My soap opera is going to be on at 20:30 so it doesnt clash with any big soaps like Coronation Street, Eastenders, Emmerdale or Hollyoaks. I also chose channel 4 because when my soap finishes at 21:00 Big Brother starts and this is one of the most popular programmes of all time so this may make people watch my soap preparing for Big Brother and may attract more viewers. Characters. Sam Cole-22- Captain of Newcastle A. F. C very popular and rich. Has a girlfriend called Chantelle who is mainly after his money and fame. He is also under stress most of the time because of some photos of him breaking the law. Chantelle Young-20- Sams girlfriend who is a model and is usually away on business, she is also secretly having a affair with Sams best friend Sol Patton. Sol Patton-28- Quiet character, is having an affair with Chantelle, and for his career at Newcastle A. F. C has been a victim of racism. Frank Mullen-65- Manager of Newcastle A. F. C, is very precise about how he likes things and because he is so rich and famous he always gets what he wants. Hates the paparazzi because they portray people as other things. Kieran Patrick-17- Youngest footballer at Newcastle A. F. C is the football wonder boy, his nickname is paddy and he and his mother are very close. Trisha Patrick-48- Kierans mother, she has also just been diagnosed with cancer and is scared because her husband died due to cancer. Terry Ord-32- Coach of Newcastle A. F. C is very strict with the players and in the past hit some of them. Nikki Davies-21- Little model who wants to be a footballers wife, goes to all the VIP parties to try and get a rich and famous boyfriend. Beverly Patton-70- Sols grandma, she knows everything about Sol and the racism she trys and helps him through life being the motherly figure. Stephen Thompson-25- Sam Coles x-best friend, used Sam for who he was to get money. Villain of the soap. Lea Mac-43- Cleaner at Newcastle A. F. C also the villain of the soap as she is sneaky and steals from the football club. David Ellison- Newcastle A. F. C secretary, rich powerful man. Settings My soap is based around Tyne and Wear and Northumberland. Newcastle A. F. C football ground-home to all the players for when they arent at home. Linden Hall- Big posh housing estate where most of the players and manager lives. Quayside- All the footballers and footballers wives meet up here to drink and have meals. Very up to date venue and very expensive. Metro Centre- A big shopping centre where all the players and players wives shop, special car park and restaurant so the news reporters or paparazzi dont see them. Morpeth- Quiet little town where players meet up so nobody can find them and they are not being followed by the paparazzi and the crazy fans. The slug lettuce- A posh restaurant in the Quayside where all VIP parties are held and also where players eat and drink. Storylines. Sol Patton starts receiving racist postcards through the door and is worried because he doesnt know who is sending them. He has suffered from racism all his time at Newcastle but nothing has come through his door and the reason he is worried is because they know where he lives. He tells his grandma Beverly and she tells him to go straight to the police but he doesnt want the tabloids knowing what is going on. Sol is also having an affair with Chantelle and when he tells her what he has been receiving she doesnt seem to bothered, and Sol is guessing if maybe it his her because she knows where he lives. Sol pays someone to trick Chantelle but instead of tricking her they go straight to the papers and everyone is guessing who is sending them. Sol confronts Chantelle and she says it is not her, but when one of the postcards has finger prints on he takes it to the police and they find out that it was Terry Ord the coach. The reason he was sending them was to make Sol play better so the racism would disappear. Terry gets a i 15,000 fine for internal harm and is thrown out of Newcastle A. F. C Sam and Stephen are out drinking in Morpeth in a quite pub. Sam is talking about how he misses Chantelle because she has been at work for a while and hasnt been home, Stephen suggests he takes some heroin to loosen himself up, Sam isnt to found of the idea but Stephen persuades him. They both go to the toilet and while Sam is sniffing his first ever line Stephen grabs his phone and starts taking pictures. At first Sam isnt to bothered because the drugs were getting to him but as they leave the pub later that night Sam asked him to delete them Stephen says no and says if Sam doesnt give him what he wants then he will give them to the press. Sam is scared and goes home waiting for Stephen to ring him. When Stephen rings him he says he wants i 12,000 for the phone Sam agrees and meets up with him. They exchange the money for the phone but when Stephen left his car crashed with something faulty on the car. Sam is the only suspect and gets all over the newspaper. But the case is dropped when there was a breakthrough with the case ands someone stepped forward saying they purposefully fiddled with the brakes. Trisha Patrick is diagnosed with breast cancer but it is too late to cure it and the doctors say she only has a year at the most to live. She wanted to hide it from Kieran but in an argument over him moving in with a team mate she says she wants to spend as much time as possible with him because she only has a year to live with cancer. Kieran is upset and says he is going to give up football so he can spend the rest of his mothers life with her. Trisha says she doesnt want him to miss out on his football but he says he is spending all his time with his mam no matter what anyone says. His mam finally gives up her fight and says she wants to move away, Kieran agrees and they end up leaving for America. Kieran left in that way so he can return in the future. Chantelle is sick of Sam whinging about Stephens death so she goes to the Slug Lettuce. There she met Sol who she told what was the matter and he told her about his past. As they were talking they were drinking quite heavily and one thing led to another. Sol asked her if she wanted to go back to his house for a drink she agreed but they ended up having sexual intercourse Sol regrets it but Chantelle thinks its more of a chance for fame and money. Sol begs her not to tell anyone or his career will be over Chantelle agrees but says they must keep seeing each other. Sol agrees because he wants no one knowing about them. Later in their affair there is a hitch when manager Frank sees them kissing. He confronts Sol and Sol says theres nothing going on so he goes and sees Chantelle she says that he is threatening her. Frank tries to handle it but it gets loose to the papers and Sol still says nothing ever happened but Chantelle says he threatened her over the relationship because he had no one else. Lea Mac who has worked as a cleaner at Newcastle A. F. C for eleven years has been recently stealing from the safe. She finds the safe key code in Franks draw and has a look inside she cannot resist and takes a batch of money. She takes i 20,000 over a year and thinks she isnt going to get found out. Secretary David Ellison noticed the Clubs money is disappearing. David asks manager Frank if he has taken any he says no and says if theres money missing its Davids fault because he is in charge of it. David knows its someone in the staff so he puts a new code on the safe and asks to see all the staffs bank balances for the past 6 months, everyone agrees to show there balances apart from Lea who fleas the club. The police find out and chase her down they find her and she gets three year in prison and all her belongings repossessed.

Tourism Education And Work Experience

Tourism Education And Work Experience Tourism education supply has faced a rapid growth over the past three decades (Micheal Morgan, 2004). It is a global phenomenon (Joseph Joseph, 2000) and the reason behind is to guarantee qualified and well trained employees on the tourism employment market as demands keep on growing (M.S, Mohd Zahari, 2004). Both the government and the private sector play an important role in the provision of tourism education; at secondary and tertiary level. In Mauritius, tourism education undergoes a pyramid-type program system; meaning that tourism curricula is available a secondary programme, diploma, undergraduate and postgraduate programmes (Tertiary Education Commission, 2010). Tourism education has been criticized for producing a tourism workforce regardless of the quality. Quality workforce is of great influence as it plays a key role in organizations meeting customers expectations and satisfaction (Evans Lindsay, 1999; Zeithaml et al., 1990). As students embark on tourism education programmes, it is expected that they come out with high quality knowledge, skills and the ability to meet the needs of the industry (Goeldner and Ritchie, 2006; Harris and Zhao, 2004; Kok, 2000). Szambowski et al (2002) put forward that significant emphasis should be placed on students gaining practical experience outside the classroom learning environment. However, increase in offers for tourism education has raised an alarm about graduates having difficulties in finding a tourism job in the coming decades. But still, the industry needs the services of qualified and committed workforce to impact positively on customers satisfaction of experience. To meet the industry demand, work experience has been added to tourism curricula to equip students with the technical, operational and professional skills under the form of internship. Bullock, Gould and Hejmadi (2009, p. 482) cited that internships have enhanced their understanding of their own life choices, enabled the acquisition of transferable skills and provided a tangible link between theory and application. It is the tool that gives students the opportunity to examine career possibilities in a realistic and real world environment and to explore a possible fit with a particular enterprise (Kapoor, 2000; Waryszak, 1999). Several researches were carried out in accordance to work experience and its importance in the tourism and hospitality perspective. It is essential according to Getz (1994) to investigate how work experience changes attitude and perception of students towards tourism and hospitality careers. Demonte Vaden (1987) stated that the factor that had the greatest influence on students decision for a tourism career was work experience. Further findings supposed that it may discourage students to enter the industry, instead of them looking forward to pursue a tourism career (Busby, 2003; Boud, Solomon Symes, 2001). Tourism as an employer There has been a rapid ascendancy of tourism to the worlds largest industry since the whole world continues to travel in a robust manner. Tourism as a sector has grown more rapidly than the total employment in the world economy (WTO, 2005; WTTC, 2005a). It is a service oriented industry, based on a labor intensive production system, meaning that employees play a major role in the delivery of products and services that influence the overall tourism experience (Chellen Nunkoo). Statistics depict out that world tourism employment is estimated at 258.6 million year to date, which is approximately 8,3% of total employment and it is forecasted to increase by a percentage of 2.3% per annum, to reach a figure of 323.9 million by 2021. These jobs include both direct and indirect employment (Justin Matthew Pang, 2010). Direct employment refers to the jobs helping in the creation of the business itself while indirect jobs refer to businesses producing goods and services that assist in supplying visitors and travelers directly (Justin Matthew Pang, 2010). Direct employment in the tourism industry is 99 million to date and it is forecasted to increase to 120 million by 2021 (WTTC, 2007). In Mauritius, for the year 2011, total tourism employment is figured at 28 039 (Survey of employment and Earnings in large Establishments). Beside such statistics, Li (2007) put forward that there will be a shortage of talent in the industry but this goes in contradiction to what Evans (1993) and Busby (1994) mentioned. They both put forward that the trend on increasing application for tourism related courses will accordingly, result in a surplus of graduates on the tourism labor market. Tourism has proved to be a major employer and contributor to the world economy. But still, the tourism industry is being criticized for creating low skilled and low paid jobs with low satisfaction, high level of staff turnover, waste of trained personnel and limited scope for promotion (Kusluvan and Kusluvan, 2000; Chellen and Nunkoo, 2010; Richardson, 2008; Richardson 2009; Roney and ÃÆ'-ztin, 2007). Such critics give rise to one of the major challenge of the industry which is to attract and retain qualified and motivated staff. Employers across the world, whether large or small, face the same challenge; attracting and retaining people with the right skills and personal attitudes and attributes to deliver a quality experience to tourists. It is a sensible issue for the industry as the tourism sector depends much on people (Baum, 1999). One of the reasons why there is such a need for people is because of the nature of its guest services and also its late adoption of technology and newfangled management process (Bull, 1995). This global phenomenon of attracting and retaining qualified workforce was once an isolated case for some markets but it has made its way through, to the whole world industry. Although there is much literature about tourism, there is very few addressing students attitude and perception to further a career in the industry (Roney and ÃÆ'-ztin, 2007). Now that the phenomenon is widely spread, the need to investigate on the issue is becoming more and more important for the whole tourism universe. According to Chellen and Nunkoo (2010), this would be helpful to get a clear view of the status of tourism jobs in the human resources planning process for the tourism sector. While working on tourism and hospitality workforce development programs, knowing tourism job status is deemed bringing more accuracy for the preparation of inline strategies. Human Resource plans focuses on the employment needs of large international tourism organization, especially in hospitality, neglecting how students perceive tourism as an employer. It is necessary for tourism and hospitality providers to attend to one of their most precious assets, namely, their human resource, if they wa nt to be competitive on the marketplace. In fact it has been argued that without employees having a positive attitude towards their work, there is minimal chance for the organization to achieve customer satisfaction and loyalty, thus an advantage over competitors (Rosentbluth, 1991; Zeithaml Bitner, 1996). Various researchers have been questioning the reluctance of many students to embark themselves in a career in the tourism and hospitality industry. They started to investigate in secondary and tertiary institutions, where the potential new recruits are found. Students from secondary schools were those who were the least exposed to experience in the tourism industry. Ross (1994) conducted a research in a secondary school in Australia and results showed that they had high level of interest in working at management level the tourism industry. Further researches were carried out at tertiary level as well as vocational institutions. Barron and Maxwell (1993) studied the perception of new and continuing students at Scottish higher education institutions and found that while students recognized the career opportunities attached to the tourism and hospitality industry, the majority could not foresee a long-term career in the industry. This is further confirmed by Johns and McKechnie, (1995) who stated that 50% of students choose careers out of the industry upon completion of their studies. Richardson (2008) research on Australian students revealed that more than 50% of tourism and hospitality undergraduate students were already contemplating careers outside the industry. According to Richardson (2009) the students look for job in more remunerative sectors upon graduation. Bloome (2006) cited that many students who embark on a tourism and hospitality curriculum do not join the tourism and hospitality industry upon graduation. Students complained not having the opportunity to develop managerial skills in tourism jobs according to Purcell Quinn (1995) while Casado (1992) investigated the basic expectations of students in the tourism and hospitality sector, and found their expectation to be fairly realistic before graduation. Students failing to integrate the industry for work result in wastage of trained and experienced personnel and above all, high staff turnover (Doher ty, Guerrier, Jamieson, Lashley Lockwood, 2001; Jenkins, 2001; Pavesic Brimer, 1990; Zacerreli, 1985). According to Kusluvan (2001), it is important to understand the attitude of students in order to gain an insight as to why many of them are disinclined to join the line or choose to leave the industry after a relatively short period. In order to understand this, Kusluvan (2003), states that it is important to see the perspectives of students who are currently pursuing a tourism and hospitality curriculum and those who have graduated. For the purpose of this research, only those ongoing a tourism curriculum will be questioned. Students opinion about jobs in the tourism sector get them to be reluctant in majoring a career in the tourism industry. Gu et al (2007) conducted a research in China and the students claimed that career development in the tourism and hospitality industry was not sufficiently promising. Furthermore, according to a research in China (Jiang and Tribe, 2009), students classified tourism job a short-lived profession. They were not committed to develop a career in the field where the nature of the tourism job itself, clearly affects their decision. Unlikely, there are actually, six million people employed in the tourism and hospitality industry in China. The statistics for tourism job in the country is forecasted to rise by one million in the next ten years. Students commitment to tourism jobs is what determines the prosperity of the sector on a worldwide avenue. As per Roney and ÃÆ'-ztin (2007), students commitment is one of the major factors that shape the image of the tourism industry positively. Through exposure to the industry, tourism and hospitality students become considerably less interested in selecting tourism and hospitality as their first choice for a career (Kusluvan Kusluvan, 2000; Getz, 1994). Students compare their expected career goals to the offer of the tourism industry, and as they notice the negative gap between those two, their interest for the industry deteriorates. Their images of the industry include poor treatment of staff, little or no training given, and effort outweighing rewards. For students who choose tourism education as first choice and having a clear view of what they will be facing in reality, their attitude towards working in the industry are positive (Lu and Adler, 2009). Those who embark on a tou rism education trek without realistic knowledge of the career opportunities and working conditions, claim that they would have not done so if they had a proper career guidance and orientation right from the start at secondary level (Roney ÃÆ'-ztin, 2007). Hence according to Kusluvan and Kusluvan, proper measures like efficient career guidance and orientation, written exam supplemented by interviews, psychometric tests like personality and service orientation tests, should be adopted to reduce uncertainties of future tourism students about tourism job. Most research pertaining to students perception and attitude towards the tourism industry end up stating that tourism students or fresh graduates had a negative image of the sector as an employer. Kusluvan Kusluvan certified his works by evidence that students have an unfavorable evaluation towards different dimensions of working in the tourism industry. According to Getz (1994), the percentage of people who considered the hospitality attractive decreased from 43% to 29% over the periods 1978 1992. This represents a nearly half percentage decrease in the statistics. Most hospitality graduates have been found to believe that a number of extrinsic factors, such as poor working conditions, high pressure, long working hours, and a lack of motivation, training programs, and career opportunities, may contribute to poor employment aspirations, high turnover rates, and the wastage of educational investment (e.g., Kang and Gould, 2002; Jenkins, 2001). This should be a cause for concern sinc e attitudes are considered to be effective predictors of intention and behavior (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980), and negative attitude would make students less willing to look for tourism jobs. Several books and journals have been published on tourism, but very few were to address the issue of tourism students perception towards the tourism and hospitality industry in Mauritius. To enlighten the situation in Mauritius, this paper seeks to identify the factors influencing students perception and attitude towards furthering a career in the tourism sector in Mauritius. Though there is a lack of such literature pertaining to developing countries, the paper will try to adapt the research to the country which is a developing one and as well the fastest growing region in global tourism (Chellen Nunkoo). This paper aims at studying the attitude and perception of tourism undergraduate students towards a career in the tourism industry in Mauritius. To further understand how attitude and perception helps to predict ones intention to integrate the industry, this paper will make use of the Theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991), which predicts behaviour by intention. Then, to strictly measure the students attitude and perception, an instrument of 9 dimensions adapted from that developed and tested by Kusluvan Kusluvan (2000) will be used. The 9 dimensions are classified as nature of work, social status, industry person congeniality, physical working condition, pay and fringe benefits, co-workers, promotion opportunity, managers and commitment. Two likely studies have been carried out in Mauritius by Chellen and Nunkoo (2010) and a University of Mauritius tourism graduate (2011). However this paper, in addition to the 9 dimensions of Kusluvan and Kusluvan (2000), bring up the issue of work experience for differentiation, as a tool capable of shaping students attitude and perception towards a career in the industry upon graduation.

How Harper Lee makes Mayella Ewell a Vulnerable yet Contemptible Character in To Kill a Mockingbird :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

It is Mayella's deceit that brings Tom Robinson to trial. Though she may not be forgiven for this lie, Atticus and Scout feel sympathy for her because of the terrible poverty in which she lives. Whenever Scout feels sorry for Mayella we do as well as we are viewing the trial from her point of view. When Tom Robinson?s trial begins, evidence begins to show that Tom Robinson is actually innocent. When Mr Ewell takes the stand we see that he is not a soft hearted person because he is blaming Tom Robinson for something that he has not done, ?I seen that nigger yonder ruttin? on my Mayella? This shows a man?s racism and inhumanity towards another man. Tom Robinson hasn?t done the community any wrong but is a social outcast for being black which is not his fault. We also learn a bit about Mr Ewell. Lee states earlier on, ?The varmints had a lean of it, for the Ewell?s gave the dump through gleaning every day? This suggests that the Ewells live of the town?s dump which isn?t a very hygienic way of living, but then again Mr Ewell is an unemployed alcoholic. As we are told earlier, ?No public health officer could free them from congenital defeats, various worms and diseases indigenous to filthy surroundings? Mr Ewell is a terrible father due to his abusiveness and neglect. He doesn?t care for or look after his children and so Mayella, his eldest daughter, has to carry out his job. ?Nobody was quite sure ho many children were on the place. Some people said six, others said nine? With lots of children to take care of Mayella was only able to get two to three years of education and she had no friends. This is why when Atticus asks her about her friends she thinks he is making fun of her. After having to live a life like this we don?t know why Mayella would like to defend her hard-hearted father, but she probably did this because she was scared of what he would do to her if she told the truth. We feel sympathetic towards her at this point but there is still a sense of hatred towards her as she is letting an innocent person being jailed who actually helped her a lot when no one did. Atticus questions Mayella very differently compared to the way he questions Bob Ewell. Through Atticus? language we learn that he does sympathise with Mayella and he does realise she is a victim of her father?

Listeria monocytogenes Essay -- Essays Papers

Listeria monocytogenes Introduction Listeria monocytogenes, a motile, gram-positive rod, is an opportunistic food-borne pathogen capable of causing listeriosis in humans. Listeriosis includes manifestations of septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, and encephalitis. L. monocytogenes is also implicated in miscarriages, stillbirth, and premature birth for pregnant women. L. monocytogenes is a tough bacterium resistant to freezing, drying, and heat; most strains have been shown to be pathogenic. It is hypothesized that 1-10% of humans are intestinal carriers of L. monocytogenes. Over 37 mammalian species, including wild and domestic animals, are capable of L. monocytogenes infection and transmission. Extensive environmental reservoirs for L. monocytogenes include soil, water, vegetation, sewage, silage, and the intestinal tract of various animals. Encounter: L. monocytogenes is transmitted by ingestion of contaminated food or water. The bacterium is associated with raw milk, cheeses, (particularly soft varieties) ice cream, raw vegetables, fermented raw-meat sausages, raw and cooked poultry, raw meats, and raw and smoked fish. It is capable of growing at temperatures as low as 3Â °C allowing multiplication in refrigerated foods, making L. monocytogenes infection particularly hard to avoid. The infective dose has not been determined, but is believed to vary with the susceptibility of the individual. It may be less than 1000 bacterium in the immuno-compromised individual. Entry, Multiplication, and Spread: L. monocytogenes initially gains access to the body through the gastrointestinal tract but is capable of infecting the blood through monocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The bacterium is also capable of infe... ...s system involvement, the elderly and in persons with other serious medical problems. Worldwide: Approximately 2,500 cases of listeriosis are reported every year in the United States. This includes 500 preventable deaths. L. monocytogenes outbreaks are still occurring worldwide. Recently, in 2002 contaminated turkey deli meat caused a US outbreak along the east coast and contaminated cheese caused an outbreak in British Columbia. Outbreaks over the past twenty years have involved contaminated chocolate milk, shrimp, lunchmeats, and cheese. A California outbreak in 1985 was due to contaminated Mexican-style cheese. This outbreak led to numerous stillbirths resulting in the monitoring of cheeses by the FDA. Fortunately, according to a study done by The US Department of Health and Human Services, infections with L. monocytogenes have decreased 35 % from 1996 to 2002.

Reading Poetry by the Morning Moon :: Personal Narrative Essays

Reading Poetry by the Morning Moon Wind sweeps a stray cloud across the sky, exposing half of a gray-mottled moon. It’s nine-thirty in the morning, and the moon looks like an island in a pellucid sea. Sitting in the mossy crook of a hickory tree, my legs dangle above the creek. A walnut leaf drifts past, on its way through the valley, destined for the river and finally the bay. For a moment, I think of taking off my sneakers and socks, rolling up my jeans, and dipping my toes into the soft silt lining the creek bed. The meandering stream is only shin-deep and with four strides I could sit on the other shore. In the October chill, however, I reconsider; instead, the smells - mud, fish, decaying leaves - intoxicate me. â€Å"My tongue, every atom of my blood, form’d from this soil, this air.† I know it’s a romantic idea, reading â€Å"Song of Myself† on a stream bank. In fact, if Walt Whitman’s spirit were to brush by me in the gusting wind, I’d probably hear him say: Close the book and watch. Listen. A shriek pierces through the orange and gold treetops like a blast of steam escaping a teakettle. Looking up, I see the silver belly of a red-tailed hawk as it glides in circles below the moon. â€Å"I fly those flights of a fluid and swallowing soul,† writes Whitman. He, too, must have witnessed the swooping undulations of a ruddy-winged bird. His heart, like mine, unburdened. From my rough but solid seat in the hickory tree, I hear, at first, the sounds of Annville’s busy thoroughfare - the drone of engines, squealing brakes, the chime of a church bell. Soon, however, other noises trickle into my consciousness. Water over fallen branches. Staccato crackles of a squirrel in the brush. My own breathing. The world has been reduced to a microcosm in which I am the center. In this cosmos there are no thoughts of the future, only a mingling of the present and past. Maybe it’s my solitude, or perhaps it’s the wind caressing my face with the smell of wet leaves, but I feel suddenly close to my home, a farm that is sixty miles west and a mountain away from this hickory tree on the Quittie. Closing my eyes, I see the familiar wisp of smoke curling from our brick chimney, the crooked lightning rod on the barn roof, and the mountains that surround the valley, Hidden Valley, like the walls of Jericho.

Best Practice Cases in Branding Essay

Kevin Lane Keller (born 23 June 1956) is the E. B. Osborn Professor of Marketing at the Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth College. He is most notable for having authored Strategic Brand Management (Prentice Hall, 1998, 2002 & 2008), a widely-used text on brand management. The book is focused on the â€Å"how to† and â€Å"why† of brand management, this strategy guide provides specific tactical guidelines for planning, building, measuring, and managing brand equity. He has published his research in the Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, and Journal of Consumer Research. In addition, Philip Kotler selected Keller to be his co-author on the most recent edition of Kotler’s market-leading text Marketing Management. Keller was formerly on the faculty at the Stanford Graduate School of Business, the University of California, Berkeley and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has served as a visiting professor at Duke University and the Australian Graduate School of Management. He is an alumnus of Cornell University, Carnegie-Mellon University and Duke University. In the private sector, Keller often acts as a consultant on branding, speaks at industry conferences, and helps to manage the rock band The Church. Keller currently resides in Etna, New Hampshire. Books by Kevin Lane Keller (chronological order) Kotler, Philip/Keller, Kevin Lane: Marketing Management, 13th edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall 2009. Keller, Kevin Lane: Strategic Brand Management, 3rd edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall 2008. Keller, Kevin Lane: Best Practice Cases in Branding, 3rd ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall 2008.

Mexican and american mexican

Mexican American forms one of the most oldest and largest of ethnic communities living in USA. The overwhelming majority of Mexican Americans live in four southern US states, although many of them are spread also in upper northern parts. Spanish Mexicans were among the first people to explore and inhabit USA, even before arrival of western settlers. Later, as USA expanded its territories after the Mexican war of 1846, Texas was annexed from Mexico and thousands of Mexicans automatically found themselves as part of United States, forced to assimilate themselves with a distinct culture. The assimilation of Mexicans has been a very slow and comparatively unaccomplished process and ethnic Mexicans have always formed a distinguished niche for them, continuing in their traditional docile and peaceful outlook that stands at sharp contrast with materialist and high paced American lifestyle. This paper analyzes the social, political and economic factor that have guided the relation between Americans and Mexican Americans History of Mexican American Relation Spanish explorers had conquered Mexico by 16th century and they used Mexican territories as base to continue their exploration of USA. As the Spanish empire crumbled, Mexico struggled to get its independence, which it achieved in 1826. However, Mexican independence was not a sanguine affair by all accounts and there were numerous issues of internal discord, the chief one them being the problem of Texas. Mexico had allowed American settlers to inhabit the barren and desolate landscapes of its northern states, bordering with USA that included, Texas and   California in particular. However, the number of American settlers increased dramatically in these areas, and it reached to the proportion that Americans began to dominate the political and economic life of these areas. The dominance of Americans started episodes of conflict between the two people as Americans would not accept the hierarchical, state centric and rather outdated political and social model of Mexican people and this caused frequent incidents of friction among them and Mexican authorities. The American settlers of northern Mexican border areas definitely perceived that their future lay with a far more prosperous, secure and economically sound USA than a comparatively regressive and stagnant Mexico. Meanwhile US senators also perceived the economic and strategic importance of these northern bordering states. The troubles in these areas rapidly snowballed into a major problem when Texas seceded from Mexico in 1836, a decision that Mexico did not recognize. As the mutual affinity of both Texas and US was to each other, USA formally annexed Texas and as result Mexico entered in a two years war with USA. The results of war were disastrous for Mexico and it lost more than one third of its territories to USA at the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. However, the effects of the war were not limited to mere annexation of territories but also of Mexican people living in this huge geographical area who overnight became subjects of USA. The relations among Americans/Yankees and Mexicans were always strained due to superior attitude of Anglo-Americans that had always made them behave with certain arrogance towards Mexicans. In this context, the results of war were more humiliating, and the loss of national land created a lasting perception of injustice and wrong that stayed with American Mexicans for decades, and to an extent even today. Alienation of Mexican Americans Of all the major ethnic groups living in USA, the Mexican American community is unique in several respects. Despite their living in a predominantly American society, they have been able to preserve their value system, their culture and tradition, their family structure and their belief, a fact that has puzzled many social scientists. Although the likeliest explanation of this phenomena relates to the fact that most of the Mexican-American and newly arrived Mexican immigrants continued to settle in southern states of USA, bordering with Mexico, providing a sense of continuousness and native familiarity that helped them to stay in their niches. However, this is only partially true and doesn’t throw full light upon the causes. A major reason of separate and distinguished Mexican identity has been long lasting grievances of many Mexicans on account of their forced assimilation in USA and subsequent highhandedness of Americans towards Mexicans after the war years. The American superiority in terms of education and affluence when contrasted with general level of impoverishment, illiteracy, and ignorance of early Mexican Americans definitely presented a great divide between two people with a firm notion that any assimilation among them would be impossible. This stereotype further caused Mexican to recede in their self formed shell, and minimize their interaction with one of most rapidly changing and advancing world, of which they had become an unwilling part. Even the fact they were granted all the rights as any other American citizen and no discrimination, at theoretical and ideological level was practiced with them, it did not help in their assimilation in an completely alien and foreign political and social system. As a matter of fact, the very decisions of American government allowing complete political and religious freedom to Mexican population at the time of Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo allowed Mexican people to preserve their cultural and traditional identity in the great cultural potboiler called USA. However, the ground political, social and economic realities worked to gradually dilute the barriers that Mexican American had created around them. Slowly many of them started to interact with the mainstream society as they realized the necessity of assimilation in order to exist in circumstances that had changed irrevocably. Most of the Mexican Americans fanned out, taking participation in the world around them, though maintaining their cultural roots intact. Those with deeper sense of wrong and who found new system unacceptable, took violent methods of protests while some who completely failed to get assimilated continued to live isolated lives. Although some dissatisfied Mexicans tried to express their anger through means of violence, in general the Mexicans rejected violence as expression tool, for they realized that through peaceful course alone they could ensure the survival in a largely Anglo USA. As the Mexicans realized their future destiny to be intertwined with USA and their new status as Mexican Americans, they also gradually accepted the new political and social system. Mexican Americans formed their own political parties, elected representatives in the democratic processes and for a time become influential political force in the southern states, owing to their numerical superiority. The Mexican political leaders tried to protect the rights and privileges of their people to the best extent possible for them, notwithstanding the fact that among themselves there were frequent instances of both political and economic exploitation. However, the influence of Mexican politics lasted only as long as they could held to their numerical superiority. As the southern states were connected to rest of the country through extensive system of railways by 1880s, the inflow of North Americans (Yankees) reached steadily, and soon they outnumbered the native Mexicans to end their political and even cultural influence, gradually absorbing them in the Yankee mainstream. As the general trend showed in perspective, Mexicans Americans were successful in preserving their cultural roots and identity in all those places where they enjoyed numerical superiority, such as Southern Arizona, New Mexico and South Texas. In other places, where they were outnumbered, they become American Mexicans from Mexican Americans. The composition of Mexican Americans changed after the heavy immigration of Mexicans in USA in early 20th century, when USA offered much better employment opportunities. For a considerable time, the immigrants identified themselves merely as workers in an alien land, while culturally mingling with their own countrymen. But since 1960s Mexican community has seen wave of cultural liberation and social assimilation and integration in the mainstream American system. Reference David J. Weber. 1973. Foreigners in Their Native Land: Historical Roots of the Mexican Americans.; University of New Mexico Press, 1973. Leo Grebler, Joan W. Moore, Ralph C. Guzman, et al., 1970. The Mexican-American People: The Nation's Second Largest Minority . New York, p. 10. â€Å"The Mexican-American People: A Review Symposium†, Social Science Quarterly 52, no. 1 ( June 1971): 8-38, El Grito. 1968. The Anthropology and Sociology of Mexican-Americans: The Distortion of Mexican-American History†, 2, no. 1 (1968) The Anthropology and Sociology of Mexican-Americans: The Distortion of Mexican-American History†, El Grito 2, no. 1 (1968)            

Tennessee William’s Battle with Homosexuality Through Brick in “Cat on a Hot Tin Roof”

Tennessee Williams' Battle With Homosexuality Through Brick Tennessee Williams wrote a variety of plays over the course of his life. Although all his characters have differences from play to play, there are many patterns that can easily be recognized which reflect his struggles in his daily life. What can be noted in the patterns is not only the words the actor speaks or what is said on stage, but also the direction Williams gives them. Certain directions seem to be subtle speeches from Williams. Much of the direction is not just a movement but a literal feeling from Williams.The portrayal of Brick in Cat On A Hot Tin Roof mirrors the emotional struggle Williams had with accepting himself as an openly gay man in a closeted society. Reading Williams' plays, you get the vague idea of what his personal life and family were like. He grew up with an alcoholic father. His mother was distraught. After a childhood illness, Williams didn't grow into the broad shouldered, strong man his father wanted him to be. Although he knew his sister, Rose, was in trouble living with his father, Williams still left for college.Rose was more outspoken about their father's insane behavior caused by the alcohol, however she was forced to have a lobotomy in 1937 which left her brain damaged. Williams could neither â€Å"assert himself during family quarrels nor retreat† (Hayman 44). After going to the University of Columbia for a stint and failing out of military training, his father pulled him out and put him to work at a shoe factory in St. Louis. His hatred for the monotonous work of the shoe factory drove him to fill all his spare time with writing. Williams' writing included much of his past with his dysfunctional family.After Williams' enrolled at Washington University, his parents separated due to his raging alcoholic father. His outlet for being so misunderstood by his family, but also for running away, was his writing. Throughout the 20th century, there were a number of plays written about homosexuality. Although the topic was either avoided or never straightforwardly asked nor answered, Williams' characters had an internal battle with themselves. Coping with vices such as alcohol was common in his writings. â€Å"The plays were appeals for tolerance,† Hornby states, Misunderstood and despised—sometimes even by himself†¦ the homosexual had to come to grips with an excruciating problem. † Brick portrayed through his physical ailment, alcohol abuse and heartbreak over his dear friend, Skipper, became the prime example of how â€Å"homosexuality became a metaphor for self-knowledge, a growing awareness of the weaknesses and mortality that we all have† (278). Williams' stage direction paints the picture before the play even begins. In stage direction prior, we find out that the plantation, which will at some point be inherited hopefully by Brick has an odd past. [The room] hasn't changed much since it was occupied by the original owners of the place, Jack Straw and Peter Ochello, a pair of old bachelors who shared this room and all their lives together. † An element of suspense through Cat On A Hot Tin Roof is that there is no solid proof of homosexual activity confirmed, only assumed by the audience. He goes on to state that, â€Å"the room must evoke some ghosts; it is gently and poetically haunted by a relationship which must have involved a tenderness which was uncommon† (880).In Bibler's analysis of the structure of plantation life during this time, he discusses the importance of this â€Å"mythic love, loyalty, and devotion† present in the past relationship their life is now built upon. Williams' addition of the stage designer notes cause Brick's insecurities to seem as though he is regressing from the strength of the previous owners' â€Å"unnatural† relationship. From the beginning of â€Å"Cat On A Hot Tin Roof,† Maggie is not appreciated, barely recognize d, and needs more out of their relationship, especially children.Going along with the consistence of most of Williams' plays, Brick is the self-loathing drunk and Maggie is the tense, crazy wife. She puts up with so much due to her goals of family money from Brick's side. Her husband is an attractive man despite his injury and vices as Maggie is also portrayed and beautiful yet Brick has no interest in her. She is on edge because she is lonely yet still in a relationship with the shell of a man she once knew. Brick refuses to make love to her so they will not have an heir of their own. He has an injury to his leg which is a constant reminder of memories with his deceased friend, Skipper.His literal injury needs his crutch while his loneliness relies on alcohol. In the first scene, it is brought to the attention of the audience that the relationship between Brick and Skipper was fueled by more than just a common friendship and was emotionally stronger than something which could be co nsidered so simple. The play opens with Maggie attempting to woo Brick and with no success, in the second scene, it seems she snaps. Maggie is dramatic trying to get a reaction out of Brick, yet his offer is for her to just take another man.Simple as that. She then tries to forcefully have him and there is then the comical scene of Brick fending Maggie off with a chair as if she is a crazed animal. The lack of a passionate relationship between Brick and Maggie is due to his closeted homosexual desires. Maggie is the sexually frustrated and figurative â€Å"cat† on a hot tin roof. The man she loves and wants has no interest in her. He is basically handicapped by, not only his sexual desires at that time, but also emotional. This as a mirror of Tennessee Williams' actual life.He was commonly, â€Å"wanted but women he quite liked, without feeling any desire for them† (Hayman 147). In another way, Williams felt guilt for leaving his sister behind much like Brick felt guil ty for Skipper's confession of his love followed by his death. Williams also had his own vices, whether it be alcohol or sedatives, to deal with the â€Å"crippled† aspect of his own life fueled by being misunderstood in a dysfunctional family. By this time of his career writing Cat On A Hot Tin Roof, he had the standing as a wealthy white man. He portrayed himself in Brick as a closeted homosexual regardless of being out.His lifestyle choices could be skated around in daily life yet he would never be accepted in society at that time. Nearing the end of the first act, Brick makes a statement of honesty that is close to admission. â€Å"One man has one great good true thing in his life,† Brick states, â€Å"One great good thing which is true – I had friendship with Skipper†¦ Not love with you, Maggie, but friendship with Skipper† (Williams 45). It is never fully stated through the play the full truth of what happened between Brick and Skipper other th an the two of them holding hands as friends across two twin beds.However, his statement addresses the emotional intimacy of their relationship between the men. Disregard physical judgements and the friendship between the them was still stronger than the marriage Brick has with his wife, Maggie. Williams struggled in his own personal life with all the personal issues he presented through Brick. â€Å"Williams exercised the caution of a man living in times of intolerance concerning homosexuality, homophobic sentiments which he did not share,† explained Canadas,† but, rather, challenged, subtle — even, covert — as his methods may appear with the benefit of hindsight† (58).

Final Project Paper Essay

Competitive Strategies and Government Policies Paper Learning Team Competitive Strategies and Government Policies Management has recognized the effect of changes in the real-world competitive environment and government policies on other industries and anticipates similar events occurring in their industry, so they ask you for a report considering the following points. Write 1,400 ?1,750-word paper of no more than in which you describe how each of the following are or potentially will affect your industry or one with which you are familiar: New companies entering the market, mergers, and globalization, on pricing and the sustainability of profits: Identify the type of merger activity in your industry or one with which you are familiar?horizontal, vertical, or conglomerate and explain why you made that choice. Current and expected government policies and regulations, including taxes and regulations in place to address issues related to externalities Global competition on the decisions made by management with regards to change in labor demand, supply, relations, unions, and rules and regulations in your chosen industry Recommend how the industry you chose may respond to each of the previous points. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines Business – General Business Focus of the Final Project Students will write a Feature Story (800-1,000 words) on a topic and for a magazine of their choice. This project requires students to incorporate the major concepts discussed during the course, such as applying various media communication tools, identifying audience, gathering information and research, and understanding the editing process. The Feature Story should  demonstrate a student’s comprehension of the readings and class discuss†¦ A+ tutorial you will find here – https://bitly.com/12Cn79p Set yourself up for success in college by taking your habits and ideas into consideration. For example, think about whether you are a morning person or an afternoon person. If you aren’t a morning person, don’t even think about signing up for an early class. Schedule courses later in the day so you won’t be tempted to skip. Business – General Business Focus of the Final Project Students will write a Feature Story (800-1,000 words) on a topic and for a magazine of their choice. This project requires students to incorporate the major concepts discussed during the course, such as applying various media communication tools, identifying audience, gathering information and research, and understanding the editing process. The Feature Story should demonstrate a student’s comprehension of the readings and class discussions as well as the implications of new knowledge in the field of media writing and editing.

Abortion: Make It Illegal

Dallas Chambers Mrs. Baker English 112 03/26/13 Abortion: Make It Illegal Some people believe that there is nothing wrong with abortion, and that it is perfectly moral. Meanwhile others believe that abortion is murder regardless of how far along the baby has developed. No matter what a person believes, abortion is not the right choice. I believe that every child has the right to live even if the mother is young or not financially secure. Abortion is the termination of an innocent child. There are many reasons why abortion should be illegal: ethically and physically.There are many reasons why women choose to have an abortion. Some are selfish and others are selfless, or to protect themselves or the child from future harm. The selfish reasons include that having a baby would interfere with school/work, that they cannot afford a baby or that they are having problems with their significant other. These are merely excuses for not wanting to accept responsibility for their actions. Some of the selfless reasons include medical problems, either with the mother or child, and because the woman was raped. These are the two main qualifiers for this argument.Some women say it is their right to choose whether or not they want to abort a baby. This is true and that right is protected in the Constitution. Also, in the Roe vs. Wade Supreme Court case in 1973, the Court ruled that abortion is a woman’s fundamental right. However, when considering an abortion a woman is not just making a choice about her own life, she is deciding whether or not to terminate another. It is fine to make a decision when it only concerns one person, but when it is a decision for that person and someone who cannot speak for themselves it is not fair.There are plenty of other options to choose from rather than aborting a baby. These women could give the baby away to a loving family who can’t conceive children or who has health problems. They could have the baby adopted, granted it is not easy to give away a child but it is better than terminating it and never giving that child a chance to grow. There are open adoptions and closed adoptions. It is very easy to find a place to arrange an adoption considering in today’s society the world is at our fingertips. If a person looks on Google they can find plenty of websites that can arrange adoptions.For example, just in North Carolina there is achildshope. com, christianadopt. org, littleangelsadoption. net and many more. A woman could also put the baby in the foster care system or take the â€Å"path less traveled† and keep the baby themselves. It is better to have a child and give them to a deserving home or couple than to terminate it before he/she even had a chance. Think about it. Any of the lives terminated could end up becoming a doctor, lawyer, or even the next Einstein. Another reason not to terminate a life is because abortion can cause health problems to the woman who receives it.These health probl ems do not only include physical but also mental. Some physical side effects of abortion are bleeding, hemorrhage, infection, inflammation of organs, and increased risk of miscarriage in the future. Some psychological side effects include anxiety, depression, use of alcohol and marijuana, and also suicide. Abortion can cause many health problems and may even kill you, not to mention it is terminating the life of an unborn child†¦ Why would a mother risk that? However, if there are risk factor brought on by a pregnancy then the subject of right or wrong gets more complicated.Either the mother or the child’s life could be in danger. If the mother could possibly die by giving birth to the child then it is not right for anyone to prevent her from terminating the pregnancy, if she chooses to do so. Also, if the child will be terminally ill from the moment of birth, than the mother should be able to determine whether she should terminate the life of that child. Another qualifi er would be if the woman was raped. A woman should not have to endure the pain of pregnancy when it was not her choice to have intercourse in the first place.However, a woman cannot just go to a clinic and say they were raped. There must be a police report on file stating that the woman was raped in order to go ahead with the abortion. Abortion has been a very controversial subject for the past few years and throughout all the debates regarding it I have heard some very interesting comments made by the Pro-Choice believers. Some of these comments included that women should be able to make their own decisions, the baby isn’t alive until it exits the womb, and it is better to kill a baby than have it suffer in a family who doesn’t want it or cannot provide for it.While all women have the right to decide what to do with their bodies, they all have to take responsibility for their actions as well. If a woman is headed to work and drinks a fifth of vodka before getting in t he car to drive there, that is her choice. However, if she ends up killing someone she can’t just say â€Å"well, I’m pro-choice† and then walk away. That woman would have to face the consequences of her actions and go to jail. Why is it any different to kill a human being outside of the mother’s womb than it is when the child is still inside of it?Either way a human being was killed. Whether they were born yet or not is irrelevant. â€Å"A baby isn’t alive until it exits the womb. † Some people do believe that a baby is not alive until it takes its first breath, which is at birth. However, whether you consider the baby alive at the moment of conception or not, the baby will grow into a human being and for someone to terminate the child’s life before it has a chance to grow and develop is wrong. The only moral termination of pregnancy is through miscarriage and nobody has control over that.As previously stated, there are other options than just keeping the â€Å"unwanted† child. There is foster care, open adoption and closed adoptions. In conclusion, abortion is morally and ethically wrong. It is the termination of an unborn child and a woman should not be allowed to terminate a pregnancy without any consequences. There are plenty of other options to choose from besides just terminating a pregnancy. This is why abortion should be illegal in the United States.

Philosophies, Beliefs and Teaching Methods of Rudolf Steiner Essay

Philosophies, Beliefs and Teaching Methods of Rudolf Steiner - Essay Example However, intelligentsia within the country concerned with educational matters has endeavoured to bring about improvements from time to time by incorporating the accepted philosophical ideologies and evidence based scientific principles discovered, tried and tested through continuous research. Rudolf Steiner’s methodologies which promote nurturing a child’s inherent talents through a unique practice of interactive teaching aims at building personalities’ which emerge out of a child’s own initiative and desired goals in life. Compared to traditional public education where strictly defined and delineated subjects are to be mastered at specific stages in the child’s life, Steiner’s model has been considered to be a better method to impart real education by its proponents. However, deciding what the traditional model lacks as compared to Steiner’s model is a difficult task as all teaching activity at the early stages of a child’s lif e takes into consideration the capabilities, interests and limitations within which a young learner performs. Even in the tried and tested traditional model, teachers are careful and considerate of a pupil’s capabilities and deliver knowledge through well designed and attractive course curricula specifically designed for particular age groups. The propensity of Steiner-Waldorf schools is sparse in Britain, but the existing schools employing this model of teaching are vying for recognition and state financial sponsorship for their institutions amidst growing interest amongst some parents for seeking alternative methods of education delivery for their wards. The supposedly holistic pattern of education, which nurtures the creative and imaginative abilities of the pupil, is being looked upon as a better method for allowing children to grow up as responsible adults. The traditional model of education which stressed upon the 3R’s (reading, ‘riting, ‘rithmetic) a nd its regular evaluation amongst pupils has stood the test of time in Britain and is still the generally accepted mode of education as it existed in the better part of the late twentieth century (Willis, 2009). However, a trend has been noticed in which the revival of the progressive methods of education suggested by philosophers like Rousseau, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Steiner and Montessori during early years’ of a child’s life is being favoured (Willis, 2009). British education policy has witnessed twists and turns in favour of child-centred to traditional pedagogical methodologies. The Plowden Report of 1967 favoured the former while James Callaghan, the PM reiterated return to traditional methods in the year 1976 (Willis, 2009). The traditional methods were propagated by successive governments but a rethink after falling educational standards within the country again suggested return to the alternative methodologies, particularly in the last decade. The Early Years Fo undation Stage (EYFS) implementation in 2008 is a step in this direction (Willis, 2009). Steiner’s methodologies have been implemented in other European countries, Australia and the US with some degree of success. However, there is sharp criticism from some quarters as opponents believe that his methodologies are religion inspired and thereby do not conform with the cosmopolitan character of modern society which has widespread ethnic

Slavery - Nazi vs American chattel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Slavery - Nazi vs American chattel - Essay Example ing durable.† Nazi slavery, or American chattel slavery—they were alternative beats of the same wicked heart related to economic exploitation and/or territorial aggrandizement, against the races that were at a highly disadvantageous position. Every detail related to American chattel slavery was practiced as per instructions contained in the manual of instructions as if! The slave-owners annihilated the dignity of the slave first before destroying the spirit totally. â€Å" A slave has no personal rights and is considered the property of another person through birth, purchase, or capture.† (Chattel....)They were the sworn enemies of the blacks from the cradle to the grave. Frederick Douglass ( an American slave) writes, â€Å" I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record constraining it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant.†(p.13) About the exploitation of the black children Douglass records thus: â€Å" Frequently, before the child has reached its twelfth month, its mother is taken from it and hired out on some farm a considerable distance off....and to blunt and destroy the natural affection of the mother for the child.†(p.13) These two examples are sufficient to imagine the shape of things to come in the life of a black. It is nothing but exploitation, more exploitation and exploitation of the worst order!â€Å"Chattel slavery involves outright ownership of the slave by a m aster, but there are forms of partial slavery where an individual is tied to the land, or to another person, by legal obligations, as in serfdom or indentured labor. Historically there have been two basic types of chattel slave. Domestic or house slaves performed menial household duties for their masters and were often counted as a measure of status. Productive or field slaves, who usually held a lower status,

REFLECTION 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

REFLECTION 5 - Essay Example Teachers serve as alternate parents in the school setting and in the absence of his mother, who is assumed to provide the comfort and nurturance he needs when he is hurt, upset, hungry, etc., he turned his need for comfort at that particular time to me. When he was assured that he was safe in the company of a trusted adult, he was able to go back to his normal routine. The new box of puzzle worked in taking away his attention to the recent accident he just had. Theorize: This episode reflects Te Whaariki’s all three goals of the first strand of well-being. For the first goal of promotion of health, the staff followed all the rules when cleaning up the room, but accidents are inevitable. It is a good thing the centre is equipped with all the necessary materials to alleviate and cure injuries such as ice and skin cream. The emotional well-being of the hurt boy was addressed as I cuddled him and whispered words of comfort until he regained his composure after the shock of the acc ident. In doing so, I nurtured his self-esteem and gave him assurance that his embarrassment of slipping was not a big deal. Gonzalez-Mena (2009) contends that â€Å"self-esteem is made up of self-image – the pictures we carry of ourselves and self-concept- the ideas we have about ourselves† (p. 205). Assuring him that the image I held of him was not affected by the accident ensured his emotional well-being. Finally, the goal of keeping children safe from harm was evident in the episode even if there was an accident. Lesson learned here is to still be vigilant for the children’s safety at all times. The classroom environment should reflect the goals and expectations of the teacher. It will also dictate somehow to the children how they will behave (Brewer, 2001). In the case of clean-up time, if children will not be safe inside the classroom, the environment should speak to them that they should stay out. Act: I shall be vigilant in preventing accidents and ensur ing the health and safety of children by being alert to danger signs. I shall further study how to promote the emotional well-being of children so when my help is needed, I will be able to provide them with what they need to be emotionally healthy children. I shall learn first-aid procedures to apply in case of accidents. Brewer, J. (2001) Introduction to Early Childhood Education. Allyn and Bacon. Gonzalez-Mena, J. (2009). Child, family, and community, family-centered early care and education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. REFLECTION 6 Analyse: The children enjoyed the story because it was a familiar bond that they recognized and they felt a sense of belonging in the activity. This activity specifically reflects how the Te Whaariki curriculum is implemented in class – how the children’s culture is given recognition and importance. I felt proud of myself while reading a story that reflected our culture. Theorize: Multicultural education using literature from various cultures engages such children in reading and writing and makes them eager to learn the social or cultural contributions made by various groups of people. In this case, it is the children’s own home culture, the Maori culture. The children recognized their own cultural background from the story read and appreciated it enough to ask me to read it again. Culturally-relevant teaching must be learned by teachers. Such teaching takes into consideration the cultural background of the students at all times. It also keeps in mind cultural aspects in all interactions with students on both personal and educational levels. (Edwards & Kuhlman, 2007). This activity totally reflects the Te Whaariki curriculum which is "the sum total of the experiences, activities, and events, whether direct or